The authors describe three 100-mm visual-analogue scales to measure anxiety, depression, and distress. Test-retest reliability coefficients, correlations within analogue scales, and correlations between analogue scales and standardized measures of anxiety, depression, and distress provided preliminary evidence to support the use of visual-analogue scales when other standard measures are infeasible. Sensitivity to diurnal fluctuation in reported feelings was also documented.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AitkenR. C. B. (1969) Measurement of feelings using visual analogue scales. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 62, 989–993.
2.
BeckA. T.WardC. H.MendelsohnM.MockJ.ErbaughJ. (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
3.
ClarkeP. R. F.SpearF. G. (1964) Reliability and sensitivity in the self-assessment of well-being. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 17, 18A.
4.
CohenS.KamarckT.MermelsteinR. (1983) A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396.
5.
DaviesB.BurrowsG.PoyntonC. A. (1975) A comparative study of four depression rating scales. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 21–24.
6.
DobsonK. S. (1985a) An analysis of anxiety and depression scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 522–527.
7.
DobsonK. S. (1985b) The relationship between anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 5, 307–324.
8.
FolsteinM. F.LuriaR. (1973) Reliability, validity and clinical application of the visual analogue mood scale. Psychological Medicine, 3, 479–486.
9.
LittleJ. C.McPhailM. I. (1973) Measures of depressive mood at monthly intervals. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 447–452.
10.
LuriaR. E. (1975) The validity and reliability of the visual analogue mood scale. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 51–57.
11.
McNairD. M.LorrM.DropplemanL. F. (1971) BITS manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: Educational & Industrial Testing Service.
12.
ReddW. H.AndrykowskiM. A. (1982) Behavioral interventions in cancer treatment: Controlling aversion reactions to chemotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 1018–1029.
13.
ScottJ.HuskissonE. C. (1976) Graphic representation of pain. Pain, 2, 175–187.
14.
SpielbergerC. D. (1983) Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
15.
StewartM. L. (1977) Measurement of clinical pain. In JacoxA. K. (Ed.), Pain: A sourcebook for nurses and other health care professionals. Boston, MA: Little Brown. Pp. 107–137.
16.
Tanaka-MatsumiJ.KameokaV. A. (1986) Reliabilities and concurrent validities of popular self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and social desirability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 328–333.