Relationships were explored among self-predictions of assertive behavior in specific situations, actual behavior in identical situations, and role-playing tests in similar situations for two negative assertiveness response classes. Consistent with earlier research, role-playing assessments were minimally predictive of in vivo assertiveness. This minimal relationship was generally consistent for both males and females at high, medium, and low levels of assertiveness. In contrast to some earlier research, self-predictions of assertive responses were generally inaccurate with respect to behavior in role playing.
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