Theories of shyness have not shown why social anxieties result in reticence and self-consciousness. Conceptualizing shyness as anxious self-preoccupation enables specific predictions to be made about the shy person's reactions to evaluative social situations and points to our ignorance about the role of attentional processes in social interaction.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ArgyleM.The psychology of interpersonal behavior. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967.
2.
BrennerM.The next-in-line effect. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1973, 12, 320–323.
3.
CoopersmithS.Antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman, 1967.
4.
CrozierW. R.Shyness as a dimension of personality. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1979, 18, 121–128.
5.
DuvalS.WicklundR. A.Effects of objective self awareness on attribution of causality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1973, 9, 17–31.
6.
EysenckH. J.The questionnaire measurement of neuroticism and extraversion. Revista de Psicologia, 1956, 50, 113–140.
7.
GoffmanE.Alienation from interaction. Human Relations, 1957, 10, 47–59.
8.
IckesJ. W.WicklundR. A.FerrisC. B.Objective self awareness and self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1973, 9, 202–219.
9.
NisbettR. E.CaputoC.LegantP.MarecekJ.Behavior as seen by the actor and as seen by the observer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 27, 154–164.
10.
PilkonisP. A.The behavioral consequences of shyness. Journal of Personality, 1977, 45, 596–611.
11.
RosenbergM.Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton Univer. Press, 1965.
12.
SarasonI. G.Anxiety and self-preoccupation. In SarasonI. G.SpielbergerC. D. (Eds.), Stress and anxiety. Vol. 2. Washington, D. C.: Hemisphere, 1975. Pp. 27–44.
13.
ScheierM. F.Self-awareness, self-consciousness, and angry aggression. Journal of Personality, 1976, 44, 627–644.
14.
SchilderP.The social neurosis. Psychoanalytic Review, 1938, 25, 1–19.
15.
TwentymanC. T.McFallR. M.Behavioral training of social skills in shy males. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1975, 43, 384–395.
16.
ZimbardoP. G.PilkonisP. A.NorwoodR. M.The silent prison of shyness. Office of Naval Research Tech. Rep. Z-17, Stanford Univer., November, 1974.