20 students found similarities or differences between 64 pairs of related and unrelated concrete nouns. Subjects' recall of the second member of each pair when cued with the first was significantly affected by processing depth and cuing condition. Cuing subjects with the pair and/or processing relationship of the cue word to the to-be-recalled word facilitated recall. The findings are seen as partially supportive of the encoding specificity principle.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
CraikF. I.M., & Lockhart, R. S. Levels of processing: a framework for research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972, 11, 671–684.
2.
EpsteinM. L.PhillipsW. D.Delayed recall of paired associates as a function of processing level. Journal of General Psychology, 1976, 95, 127–132.
3.
EpsteinM. L.PhillipsW. D.JohnsonS. J.Recall of related and unrelated word pairs as a function of processing level. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 1975, 104, 149–152.
4.
TulvingE.OslerS.Effectiveness of retrieval cues in memory for words. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1968, 77, 593–601.
5.
TulvingE.ThompsonD. M.Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 1973, 80, 352–373.
6.
WisemanS.TulvingE.Encoding specificity: relation between recall superiority and recognition failure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 1976, 2, 349–361.