The hypothesis that the risky shift phenomenon can be accounted for by skewed distributions of the subjects' initial risk-taking choices was investigated with the use of consumer stimuli. Skewness, manipulated in four experimental conditions, significantly affected group decisions and shifts. However, contrary to a majority-rule interpretation, significant cautious shifts did not occur when the distributions were negatively skewed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BurnsteinE.An analysis of group decisions involving risk. Human Relations, 1962, 22, 381–395.
2.
CartwrightD.Risk taking by individuals and groups: an assessment of research employing choice dilemmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 20, 361–378.
3.
DavisJ. H.Group decisions and social interaction: a theory of social decision schemes. Psychological Review, 1973, 80, 97–125.
4.
FraserC.GougeC.BilligM.Risky shifts, cautious shifts, and group polarization. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1971, 1, 7–30.
5.
HorneW. C.Group influence on ethical risk taking: the inadequacy of two hypotheses. Journal of Social Psychology, 1970, 30, 237–238.
6.
JellisonJ. M.RiskindJ.Attribution of risk to others as a function of their ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 20, 413–415.
7.
KoganN.WallachM. A.Risk taking a study in cognition and personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964.
8.
LammH.TrommsdorffG.Rost-SchaudeE.Group-induced extremization: review of evidence and a minority-change explanation. Psychological Reports, 1973, 33, 471–484.
9.
MoscoviciS.NèveP.Studies on polarization of judgements: III. Majorities, minorities and social judgements. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1973, 3, 479–484.
10.
MyersD. G.AronsonS. J.Enhancement of dominant risk tendencies in group discussion. Psychological Reports, 1972, 30, 615–623.
11.
MyersD. G.LammH.The group polarization phenomenon. Psychological Bulletin, 1976, 83, 602–627.
12.
PruittD. G.Choice shifts in group decisions: an introductory review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 20, 339–360.
13.
ReingenP. H.Choice shifts along a dimension of risk tested with consumer related stimuli. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univer. of Cincinnati, 1974.
14.
ReingenP. H.Do subjects understand the choice dilemma questionnaire?Journal of Social Psychology, 1976, 99, 303–304.
15.
SmithM. B.IS experimental social psychology advancing?Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1972, 8, 86–96.
16.
VinokurA.Distribution of initial risk levels and group decisions involving risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1969, 13, 207–214.
17.
VinokurA.BurnsteinE.The effects of partially shared persuasive arguments on group induced shifts: a group problem-solving approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1974, 29, 305–315.
18.
WallachM. A.MabliT.Information versus conformity in the effects of group discussion on risk taking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1970, 14, 149–156.