Using a single-subject design with the rat secondary reinforcement was demonstrated with intracranial stimulation as the primary reinforcer. The presence of a buzzer (the S') which had previously signalled the availability of intracranial stimulation significantly extended responding during extinction. It was pointed out that previous failures to demonstrate this phenomenon had attempted to apply Bugelski's (1938) classic design without appropriate attention to the discriminative stimulus hypothesis. A careful application of the hypothesis led to the present design which produced strong, replicable results.
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