80 female subjects were randomly assigned to eight cells of a 2×2×2 factorial design. The study investigated the effects of modeling, sex of the model and subject's desire to change snake-avoidant behavior. The results indicated that the behavior being modeled, the sex of the model and the subject's motivation to change were all significant influences on post-treatment approach behavior to a live snake. Further findings suggested that perceived role consonance between the subject and the model significantly contributed to subjects changing their behaviors.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaerD. M.PetersonR. F.ShermanJ. A.The development of imitation by reinforcing behavioral similarity to a model. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1967, 10, 405–416.
2.
BaerD. M.ShermanJ. A.Reinforcement control of generalized imitation in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1964, 2, 37–49.
3.
BanduraA.Modeling theory: Some traditions, trends, and disputes. In ParkeR. D. (Ed.), Recent trends in social learning theory. New York: Academic Press, 1972. Pp. 35–61.
BanduraA.RossD.RossS. A.Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1961, 63, 575–582.
6.
BanduraA.RossD.RossS. A.Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1963, 66, 3–11.
7.
BaronR. A.Attraction toward the model and model's competence as determinants of adult imitative behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1970, 14, 345–351.
8.
GrusecJ. E.BrinkerD. B.Jr.Reinforcement for imitation as a social learning determinant with implications for sex-role development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, 21, 149–158.
9.
HartupW. W.MooreS.SagerG.Avoidance of inappropriate sex-typing by young children. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1963, 27, 467–473.
10.
KaganJ.On the need for relativism. American Psychologist, 1967, 22, 131–142.
11.
KobasigawaA.Inhibitory and disinhibitory effects of models on sex-appropriate behavior in children. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 1968, 11, 86–96.
12.
O'ConnellE. J.Jr.The effect of cooperative and competitive set on the learning of imitation and nonimitation. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 1965, 1, 172–183.
13.
O'SullivanM.GilnerF. H.KrinskiR.The influence of sex of experimenter on modeling in the reduction of fear. Behavior Therapy, 1973, 4, 535–542.
14.
RickardH. C.JoubertC. E.Subject-model sexual status and observer performance. Psychonomic Science, 1968, 10, 407–408.
15.
SilvermanI.ShulmanA. D.WiesenthalD. L.The experimenter as a source of variance in psychological research: Modeling and sex effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, 21, 219–227.
16.
SistrunkF.McDavidJ. W.Sex variable in conforming behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 17, 200–207.
17.
SteinmanW. M.Generalized imitation and the discrimination hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1970, 10, 79. (Abstract)
18.
SteinmanW. M.The social control of generalized imitation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1970, 3, 159–167. (b)
19.
WolpeJ.LangP. J.A fear survey schedule for use in behavior therapy. Behavior Research and Therapy, 1964, 2, 27–30.
