Blockade of shock-elicited fighting in pairs of mature male Long Evans rats may be accomplished by combined application of lidocaine HCl to the vibrissal pads and intranasal mucosa. Nontreated males emit vigorous biting attack when paired with anosmic and facially anesthetized males; non-treated females do not engage in comparable aggressive attack upon the same target animals (n = 4 females, 8 males).
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