96 college students were individually solicited for help, where the immediacy and the need for help were varied. They were then placed in a bystander intervention situation involving an emergency or a non-emergency. The Rotter and Levenson measures of internal control predicted helping, particularly in high demand situations. The data regarding Rotter's expectancies for interpersonal trust were inconsistent.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbramowitzS. I.Research on internal-external control and social-political activism: A note and bibliography. Psychological Reports, 1974, 34, 619–621.
2.
BryanJ. H., Why children help: A review. Journal of Social Issues, 1972, 28, 87–104.
3.
DeauxK.Sex and helping: Expectations and attributions. Presented to American Psychological Association, Honolulu, Hawaii, Sept., 1972.
4.
GergenK. J.GergenM. M.MeterK.Individual orientations to prosocial behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 1972, 28, 105–130.
5.
GoreP. M.RotterJ. B.A personality correlate of social action. Journal of Personality, 1963, 31, 58–64.
6.
KrebsD. C.Altruism—an examination of the concept and a review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 1970, 73, 258–302.
7.
LevensonH.Distinctions within the concept of internal-external control: Development of a new scale. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 1972, 7, 259–260.
8.
MidlarskyE.Aiding responses: An analysis and review. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1968, 14, 229–260.
9.
MidlarskyE.MidlarskyM.Some determinants of aiding under experimentally induced stress. Journal of Personality, 1973, 41, 305–327.
10.
RotterJ. B.Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 1966, 80, No. 1 (Whole No. 609).
11.
RotterJ. B.A new scale for measurement of interpersonal trust. Journal of Personality, 1967, 35, 651–665.
12.
StaubE.The effects of success and failure on children's sharing behavior. Paper presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Washington, D. C., April, 1968.
13.
StricklandB. R.The prediction of social action from a dimension of internal-external control. Journal of Social Psychology, 1965, 66, 353–358.