48 adults learned 2 concurrent 4-choice tasks with 70% probable reinforcement for the correct choice. Stimuli for the 2 tasks were presented in 3 orders, and 2 instruction conditions were used. One stimulus order led to more maximization than the others, and 48% of the Ss changed strategies between the 2 tasks. Questions about the predictability of individual behavior in probability-learning situations are discussed.
EricksonJ. R.On learning several simultaneous probability-learning problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1966, 72, 182–189.
3.
EstesW. K.Probability learning. In MeltonA. W. (Ed.), Categories of human learning. New York: Academic Press, 1964. Pp. 139–158.
4.
FloodM. M.On game-learning theory and some decision-making experiments. In ThrallR. M.CoombsC. H.DavisR. L. (Eds.), Decision processes. New York: Wiley, 1954. Pp. 89–128.
5.
GruenG. E.WeirM. W.The effect of instruction, penalty, and age on probability learning. Child Development, 1964, 35, 265–273.
6.
KessenW.KessenM.Behavior of young children in a two-choice guessing problem. Child Development, 1961, 32, 779–788.
7.
OffenbachS. I.Studies of children's probability learning behavior: I. Effect of reward and punishment at two age levels. Child Development, 1964, 35, 709–715.
8.
OffenbachS. I.Studies of children's probability learning behavior: II. Effect of method and event frequency at two age levels. Child Development, 1965, 36, 951–962.
9.
SchenckH. U.ShepherdD. L.Probability learning strategies of the retarded. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1968, 73, 391–395.
10.
StevensonH. W.OdomR. D.Children's behavior in a probabilistic situation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1964, 68, 260–268.
11.
StevensonH. W.WeirM. W.Variables affecting children's performance in a probability learning task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1959, 57, 403–412.
12.
StevensonH. W.WeirM. W.The role of age and verbalization in probability learning. American Journal of Psychology, 1963, 76, 299–305.