The purpose of this experiment was to show that an understanding of retrieval cue effectiveness is basic to the controversy on dependent versus independent storage. Ss were tested in one of 4 conditions. The stimulus lists contained sets of asscciatively related words or unrelated words, and recall was either free or cued. The resulting interaction of list types and recall conditions indicated that, when experimental conditions result in effective retrieval cues, the hypothesis of dependent storage is supported, otherwise the hypothesis of independent storage is supported.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BahrickH. P.Two-phase model for prompted recall. Psychol. Rev., 1970, 77, 215–222.
2.
BattigW. F.MontagueW. E.Category norms for verbal items in 56 categories: A replication and extension of the Connecticut Category norms. J. exp. Psychol., 1969, 80, No. 3, Pt. 2.
3.
GlanzerM.Distance between related words in free recall: Trace of the STS. J. verb. Learn, verb. Behav., 1969, 8, 105–111.
4.
HudsonR. L.AustinJ. B.Effects of context and category name on the recall of categorized word lists. J. exp. Psychol., 1970, 86, 43–47.
5.
SlameckaN. J.An examination of trace storage in free recall. J. exp. Psychol., 1968, 76, 504–513.
6.
ThomsonD. M.TulvingE.Associative encoding and retrieval: Weak and strong cues. J. exp. Psychol., 1971, 86, 255–262.
7.
TulvingE.Free recall. In DixonT. R.HortonD. L. (Eds.), Verbal behavior and general behavior theory. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968. Pp. 2–36.
8.
TulvingE.PearlstoneZ.Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words. J. verb. Learn. verb. Behav., 1966, 5, 381–391.
9.
WeistR. M.Associative structure in free recall. J. exp. Psychol., in press.
