Conjugate reinforcement of radio listening was used to assess response differentiation end differential directional responding (push-pull) in human Ss. Response differentiation and differential responding were established in 8 Ss. Of the 8 Ss 7 differentially responded under differential and nondifferential reinforcement procedures. One S learned to differentiate as a function of visually presented instructions. Differential responding was also maintained with instructions or penalties when both responses were reinforced.
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