A bibliography is provided of studies of paired-associate learning as a function of word-association strength inferred from normative collections of word-association data. Over 60 such studies have been published during the past decade.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BlochR.VossJ. F.Acquisition of paired associates as a function of associative strength of competing responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1967, 74, 14–19.
2.
BrotskyJ. S.LintonM. L.Paired-associate learning predicted from free association strength. Psychonomic Science, 1969, 16, 305–307.
3.
BrotskyJ. S.LintonM. L.Paired-associate learning predicted from free-association strength: An extension. Psychonomic Science, 1969, 17, 65–66.
4.
CanestrariR. E.The effects of commonality on paired-associate learning in two age groups. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1966, 108, 3–7.
5.
CarrollW. R.PenneyR. K.Percentage of occurrence of response members, associative strength, and competition in paired-associate learning in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1966, 3, 258–266.
6.
CastenadaA.The paired-associates method in the study of conflict. In LipsittL. P.SpikerC. C. (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior. Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press, 1965. Pp. 1–18.
7.
CastenadaA.FahelL. S.OdomR.Associative characteristics of sixty-three adjectives and their relation to verbal paired-associate learning in children. Child Development, 1961, 32, 297–304.
8.
CoferC. N.Associative overlap and category membership as variables in paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1968, 7, 230–235.
9.
CoferC. N.GuyettI.Incidental learning with word pairs varying in associative overlap and category membership. Technical Report No. 11, Pennsylvania State Univer., Contract Nonr 656(30), Office of Naval Research, 1965.
10.
ColemanE. B.The association hierarchy as an indicator of extra-experimental interference. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1963, 2, 417–421.
11.
ColemanE. B.The association hierarchy as a measure of extra-expetimental transfer. Journal of Psychology, 1964, 57, 403–417.
12.
DrewC.PrehmH.LoganD.Paired-associate learning performance as a function of associative values of materials. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1968, 73, 294–297.
13.
FlamerG. B.Paired-associate learning of retarded children as a function of normative associations of normal children. Developmental Psychology, 1969, 1, 436–439.
14.
FreedmanJ. L.MednickS. A.Ease of attainment of concepts as a function of response dominance variance. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1958, 55, 463–466.
15.
GallagherJ. W.Paired associate learning in children as a function of type of syntactic relationship and associative relationship. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1968, 7, 491–495. (a)
16.
GallagherJ. W.An investigation of the effect of free-association strength on the learning of syntagmatic word pairs. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1968, 7, 726–729. (b)
17.
GallagherJ. W.The effect of associative value and stimulus-response relationship on paired-associate learning. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1969, 73, 768–773.
18.
GallagherJ. W.The effect of five levels of free association strength on paired-associate learning of normal and retarded children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, in press.
19.
GarskoffB. E.HoustonJ. P.Supplementary note: Recall as a function of word association strength and associative overlap. Psychological Reports, 1964, 14, 185–186.
20.
GarskoffB. E.HoustonJ. P.EhrlichN. J.Inter- and intra-hierarchical verbal relatedness. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1963, 2, 229–233.
21.
GossA. E.Paired-associate learning by young children as functions of initial associative strength and percentage of occurrence of response members. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1966, 4, 398–407.
22.
GossA. E.NodineC. F.Paired-associates learning: The role of meaning fulness, similarity, and familiarization. New York: Academic Press, 1965.
23.
GoughP. B.OdomP. B.JenkinsJ. J.Intralist association in paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1967, 6, 11–16.
24.
GouletL. R.Anxiety (drive) and verbal learning: Implications for research and some methodological considerations. Psychological Bulletin, 1968, 69, 235–247.
25.
GriswoldB. B.Context effects in paired-associate learning as a function of associative strength and level of assessed creativity. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univer. of California, Berkeley, 1965.
26.
HaunK. W.Measures of association and verbal learning. Psychological Reports, 1960, 7, 451–460.
27.
HeimA. W.WattsK. P.BowerI. B.HawtonK. E.Learning and retention of word-pairs with varying degrees of association. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1966, 18, 193–202.
28.
HigginsJ.Effect of response probability on acquisition and retention of paired-associates with varying stimulus frequency: Confirmatory results. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1967, 6, 446–447.
29.
HigginsJ.MednickS. A.ThompsonR. E.Acquisition and retention of remote associates in process-reactive schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1966, 142, 418–423.
30.
HomG.Short-term retention as a function of associative strength and retention intervals. Exceptional Children, 1967, 34, 27–30.
31.
HurstP. M.RadlowR.ChubbN. C.BagleyS. K.Effects of d-amphetamine on acquisition, persistence, and recall. American Journal of Psychology, 1969, 82, 307–319.
32.
JarrettR. F.ScheibeK. E.Association chains and paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1962, 1, 264–268.
33.
JenkinsJ. J.Commonality of association as an indicator of more general patterns of verbal behavior. In SebeokT. A. (Ed.), Style in language. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1966. Pp. 307–329.
34.
JohnsonG. J.Effects of item discriminability in mixed-list presentation of paired-associates. Psychonomic Science, 1970, 21, 371–372.
35.
JohnsonG. J.PenneyR. K.The effect of mixed vs. unmixed list designs in paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1966, 5, 234–239.
36.
KammanR.Associability: A study of properties of associative ratings and the role of association in word-word learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1968, 78, (No. 4, Pt. 2).
37.
KauslerD. H.LairC. V.Associative strength and paired-associate learning in elderly subjects. Journal of Gerontology, 1966, 21, 278–280.
38.
KeyC. B.Recall as a function of perceived relations. Archives of Psychology, 1926, 13, No. 83.
39.
KlingerN.PalermoD. S.Aural paired-associate learning in children as a function of free associative strength. Child Development, 1967, 38, 1143–1152.
40.
LintonM.JewettM.BrotskyS. J.Prediction of paired-associate learning from a complex indicator of associative strength. Psychonomic Science, 1970, 21, 354–355.
41.
MartinJ. G.Associative strength and word frequency in paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1964, 3, 317–320.
42.
McCullersJ. C.Effects of associative strength, grade level, and inter-pair interval in verbal paired-associate learning. Child Development, 1961, 32, 773–778.
43.
McCullersJ. C.An analysis of some factors underlying intralist associative transfer in paired associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1963, 65, 163–168.
44.
McCullersJ. C.Correlates of verbal paired-associate learning in children. Psychological Reports, 1965, 17, 747–752.
45.
McCullersJ. C.Directionality of association and associative strength in children's paired-associate learning. Paper presented at the meeting of Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, 1965.
46.
McCullersJ. C.Associative strength and degree of interference in children's verbal paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1967, 5, 58–68.
47.
MednickS. A.HalpernS.Ease of concept attainment as a function of associative rank. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1962, 64, 628–630.
48.
NunnallyJ.KoplinJ.BlantonR.ShawR.Individual differences in word association in relation to paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1967, 6, 107–111.
49.
PalermoD. S.Word associations and children's verbal behavior. In LipsittL. P.SpikerC. C. (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior. Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1963. Pp. 31–68.
50.
PalermoD. S.Word associations as related to children's verbal habits. Paper presented at the First Symposium of Language Functions, Univer. of Michigan, October, 1965.
51.
PalermoD. S.Effects of stimulus free association hierarchy on paired-associate learning of unassociated word pairs. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, May, 1966.
52.
PalermoD. S.Verbal learning and memory. In ReeseH. W.LipsittL. P. (Eds.), Experimental child psychology. New York: Academic Press, 1970. Pp. 195–222.
53.
PalermoD. S.JenkinsJ. J.Paired-associate learning as a function of the strength of links in the associative chain. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1964, 3, 406–412.
54.
PalermoD. S.UllrichJ. R.Verbal discrimination learning as a function of associative strength between the word-pair members. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1968, 7, 945–952.
55.
PetersonM. J.Verbal response strength as a function of cultural frequency, schedule of reinforcement, and number of trials. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1956, 52, 371–376.
56.
PetersonM. S.JenkinsJ. J.Word association phenomena at the individual level: A pair of case studies. Technical Report No. 16, Univer. of Minnesota, Contract N8 onr 66216, Office of Naval Research, 1957.
57.
PostmanL.The effects of language habits on the acquisition and retention of verbal associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1962, 64, 7–19.
58.
PostmanL.Acquisition and retention of consistent associative responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1964, 67, 183–190.
59.
PostmanL.KeppelG. (Eds.) Norms of word association. New York: Academic Press, 1970.
60.
SchwartzF.A joint investigation of associative and word frequency in paired-associate learning. Psychological Reports, 1965, 16, 1165–1172.
61.
ShapiroS. I.Response latencies in paired-associate learning as a function of free association strength, hierarchy, directionality, and mediation. Research Bulletin No. 66, Pennsylvania State Univer., Research Grant GB-2568, National Science Foundation, 1966.
62.
ShapiroS. I.Paired-associate response latencies as a function of free association strength. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1968, 77, 223–231.
63.
ShapiroS. S.Paired-associate learning in children. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1965, 4, 170–174.
ShapiroS. S.Paired-associate learning in children: Length of list, initial associative strength, presentation time, and grade level. Psychological Reports, 1967, 20, 903–908.
66.
ShawR.Paired-associate learning and response transfer as a function of degree of associative strength and class size. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, May, 1966.
67.
ShawR. E.Labeling of relationships between verbal stimuli as a function of class size. Proceedings of the 74th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 1966, 1, 31–32.
68.
ShawR. E.KoplinJ. H.Logical appropriateness as a variable in a compound paired-associate learning task. Psychonomic Science, 1964, 1, 297–298.
69.
SpenceJ. A.Associative interference on paired-associate lists from extra-experimental learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1963, 2, 329–338.
70.
UnderwoodB. J.RichardsonJ.Verbal concept learning as a function of instructions and dominance level. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1956, 51, 229–238.
71.
UnderwoodB. J.SchulzR. W.Response dominance and rate of learning paired-associates. Journal of General Psychology, 1960, 62, 153–158.
72.
WickerF. W.BernsteinA. L.Association value and orienting task in incidental and intentional paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1969, 81, 308–311.
73.
WicklundD. A.Paired-associate learning in children as a function of free association strength and type of associative response hierarchy at four grade levels. Research Bulletin No. 47, Pennsylvania State Univer., Research Grant GB-1598, National Science Foundation, and Research Grant HD-00961, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 1964.
74.
WicklundD. A.PalermoD. S.JenkinsJ. J.The effects of associative strength and response hierarchy on paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1964, 3, 413–420.
