In 2 separate experiments Ss were either attacked or not attacked by a confederate (C). In one experiment C used shocks and in the other he used loud noise in attacking. In each case, S was later allowed to reply in kind to C. Results show that Ss attacked with shocks retaliated with both a greater number and greater intensities of shock than Ss not attacked. Ss attacked with loud noise retaliated more than nonattacked Ss only in terms of the number of noise bursts given. The conclusion is drawn that shock is a more reliable instigator of retaliatory aggression than aversive noise.
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