17 Goldeneye ducklings were exposed to traditional audiovisual and auditory training stimuli 12 to 20 hr. after hatching. None of the ducklings followed the stimuli, which suggests differences in the mechanisms mediating species-identification between this species and the earlier studied Wood duck (Aix sponsa). The differences are ascribed to the emotional development of Goldeneyes, since all individuals showed a high level of fear responding during testing.
