Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The effects of sex and race of observer and model characteristics, verbal, motor and total numbers of imitative responses, were investigated within a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 4 repeated measures design which also assessed the effects of idiosyncratic model effects within each model characteristic. Analysis of the verbal imitation data indicated that Negro females imitated more than Negro males while white males imitated more than white females. Analysis of the motor and total imitation resulted in similar significant effects. In both cases, a significant race of S effect as well as an interaction effect between race of S, sex of M, and exposure trials was reported. In addition, an analysis of the motor imitation data yielded a significant race of S by team of model effect and a four way interaction between sex of S, sex and race of M, and exposure trials.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bandura

Social learning through imitation. In Jones

M. R.

(Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Learning, 1962, 4, 211–274.

Bandura

Influence of model's reinforcement contingencies on the acquisition of imitative responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1965, 1, 589–595.

Bandura

Huston

Identification as a process of incidental learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1961, 63, 311–318.

Bandura

Kupers

C. J.

Transmission of patterns of self-reinforcement through modeling. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1964, 69, 1–9.

Bandura

Ross

S. A.

A comparative test of the status envy, social power, and secondary reinforcement theories of identificatory learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1963, 67, 527–534.

Bandura

Walters

R. H.

Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963.

Bandura

Whaley

C. K.

The influence of antecedent reinforcement and divergence of modeling cues on patterns of self-reward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, 3, 373–382.

Dorr

A study of the relationship of race, socioeconomic class, early educational experience, and sex of child to imitative responding and its correlation with speech development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State Univer., 1969.

Hanlon

C. C.

The effects of social isolation and characteristics of the model on accent imitation in foutth-grade children. Dissertation Abstracts, 1965, 25, 6076. (Abstract)

10.

Hetherington

E. M.

A developmental study of the effects of sex of the dominant parent on sex-role performance, identification, and imitation in children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1965, 2, 188–194.

11.

May

J. G.

Jr.

A developmental study of imitation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana Univer., 1965.

12.

May

J. G.

Jr. Breyer

N. L.

The effects of race and socioeconomic status on imitation learning in children using white male and female models. Paper presented at the Southeastern Psychological Association, Roanoke, Va., 1968.

13.

May

J. G.

Jr. Seymour

Imitation as a response class. Paper presented at the Southeastern Psychological Association, Roanoke, Va., 1968.

14.

Mischel

Liebert

R. M.

Effects of discrepancies between observed and imposed reward criteria on their acquisition and transmission. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, 3, 45–53.

15.

Mischel

Liebert

R. M.

The role of power in the adoption of self-reward patterns. Child Development, 1967, 38, 673–683.

16.

Rosenblith

J. F.

Learning by imitation in kindergarten children. Child Development, 1959, 30, 69–80.

17.

Rosenhan

White

F. M.

Observation and rehearsal on determinants of prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, 5, 424–431.

Effect of Sex and Race of the Observer and Model on Imitation Learning

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References