A psychological assessment battery was given (N = 1011) in a boys' reformatory to evaluate the milieu and the psychological impact of incarceration. Increased incarceration results in greater psychopathology and criminal identification. The continuation of antisocial identification is especially pronounced with boys who have had prior incarcerations. The boys who get into trouble and who are housed in the disciplinary quarters are not the more sociopathic, but instead the more anxious and neurotic boys. Reliability, validity, normative and base-rate data are provided, and methodological implications discussed.
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