In an experiment performed to compare the effect of oral and written administration of the m task, using concrete and abstract stimuli, it was found that concrete stimuli elicited more responses and that this effect was more marked for oral responding. No significant effect was found for response mode, and significant correlations across stimulus types were found. The results are discussed in terms of previous research on imagery.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
DukeW. F.BastianJ.Recall of abstract and concrete words equated on meaningfulness. J. verb. Learn, verb. Behav., 1966, 5, 455–458.
2.
GardnerR. C.ReynoldsA. G.BeinarovicsV.Personal values and the meaningfulness of value-related words. Psychol. Rep., 1969, 24, 939–942.
3.
NobleC. E.An analysis of meaning. Psychol. Rev., 1952, 59, 421–430.
4.
PaivioA.Abstractness, imagery and meaningfulness in paired-associate learning. J. verb. Learn, verb. Behav., 1965, 4, 32–38.
5.
PaivioA.YuilleJ. C.Word abstractness and meaningfulness, and paired-associate learning in children. J. exp. child Psychol., 1966, 4, 81–89
6.
PaivioA.YuilleJ. C.MadiganS. A.Concreteness, imagery, and meaningfulness values for 925 nouns. J. exp. Psychol., Monogr. Suppl, 1968, 76, Part 2, 1–25.
7.
ReynoldsA. G.PaivioA.Cognitive and emotional determinants of speech. Canad. J. Psychol., 1968, 22, 164–175.
8.
ThorndikeE.LorgeI.The teacher's word book of 30,000 words. New York: Teachers Coll., Columbia Univer., 1944.