Children's Intellectual Achievement Responsibility scores were related to sex, school grade (4th vs 6th), socio-economic status, and race. Only sex showed significant main effects: girls scored higher than boys in acceptance of internal responsibility over-all and for positive outcomes. The possibility that situational effects may account for discrepancies between these race and class results and those obtained with other locus of control measures was considered.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BattleE. S.RotterJ. B.Children's feelings of personal control as related to social class and ethnic group. Journal of Personality, 1963, 31, 482–490.
2.
BialerI.Conceptualization of success and failure in mentally retarded and normal children. Journal of Personality, 1961, 29, 303–320.
3.
CrandallV. C.KatkovskyW.CrandallV. J.Children's beliefs in their own control of reinforcements in intellectual-academic achievement situations. Child Devlopment, 1965, 36, 91–109.
4.
HollingsheadA.RedlichR.Social class and mental illness. New York: Wiley, 1958.
5.
KatzI.The socialization of academic motivation in minority group children. In LevineD. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1967. Lincoln: Univer. of Nebraska Press, 1967. Pp. 133–191.
6.
LardnerR.Alibi Ike. In LardnerR. (Ed.), How to write short stories. New York: Scribners, 1924. Pp. 79–111.
7.
LessingE. E.Racial differences in indices of ego functioning relevant to academic achievement. Journal of Genetic Psychology, in press.
8.
PareliusR. J.The schools and social structure of an economically depressed Negro community. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univer. of Chicago, 1967.
9.
RotterJ.SeemanM.LiverantS.Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A major variable in behavior theory. In WashburnN. F. (Ed.), Decisions, values and groups. Vol. 2. London: Pergamon, 1962. Pp. 473–516.
10.
United States Bureau Of The Census. 1960census of population, alphabetical index of occupations and industries. Washington: U. S. Gov't Print. Off., 1960.