12 choice dilemma items were administered to a sample of New Zealand Ss of wide age and occupational ranges. Groups in the discussion condition manifested the familiar “risky-shift” phenomenon.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BatesonN.Familiarization, group discussion and risk-taking. J. exp. soc. Psychol., 1966, 2, 119–129.
2.
FlandersJ. P.ThistlethwaiteD. L.Effects of familiarization and group discussion upon risk taking. J. Pers. soc. Psychol., 1967, 5, 91–97.
3.
KoganN.WallachM. A.Risk-taking: a study in cognition and personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964.
4.
KoganN.WallachM. A.Group risk taking as a function of members' anxiety and defensiveness levels. J. Pers., 1967, 35, 50–63. (a)
5.
KoganN.WallachM. A.The risky shift phenomenon in small decision making groups: a test of the information exchange hypothesis. J. exp. soc. Psychol., 1967, 3, 75–84. (b)
6.
LammH.Will an observer advise higher risk taking after hearing a discussion of the decision problem?J. Pers. soc. Psychol., 1967, 6, 467–471.
7.
MarquisD. G.Individual responsibility and group decisions involving risk. Indust. Mgmt Rev., 1962, 3, 8–13.
8.
PruittD. G.TegerA. I.Is there a shift toward risk in group discussion? If so, is it a group phenomenon? If so, what causes it?Paper read at meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., 1967.
9.
RabowJ.FowlerF. J.BradfordD. L.HofellerM. A.ShibuyaY.The role of social norms and leadership in risk taking. Sociometry, 1966, 29, 16–27.
10.
RimY.Personality and group decisions involving risk. Psychol. Rec, 1964, 14, 37–45. (a)
RimY.Machiavellianism and decisions involving risk. Brit. J. soc. clin. Psychol., 1966, 5, 30–36.
14.
StonerJ. A. F.A comparison of individual and group decisions involving risk. Unpublished Master's thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Management, 1961.
15.
TegerA. I.PruittD. G.Components of group risk taking. J. exp. soc. Psychol., 1967, 3, 189–205.
16.
WallachM. A.KoganN.Sex differences and judgment processes. J. Pers., 1959, 27, 555–564.
17.
WallachM. A.KoganN.Aspects of judgment and decision-making: interrelationships and changes with age. Behav. Sci., 1961, 6, 23–36.
18.
WallachM. A.KoganN.The roles of information, discussion, and consensus in group risk taking. J. exp. soc. Psychol., 1965, 1, 1–19.
19.
WallachM. A.KoganN.BemD. J.Group influence on individual risk taking. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1962, 65, 75–86.