Psychotropic qualities of Valium (diazepam) in liquid form were evaluated using 50 geriatric Ss during 3-wk. baseline and 2-wk. drug/placebo sequences. Almost every previously reported side or paradoxical effect was found during this baseline period. Reporting behavior of the nursing staff was shaped to accurate use of a report form during the first week. It was concluded that prior reports of side and paradoxical drug effects were not necessarily demonstrated to be causally related to Valium due to failure to control for covarying events.
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