Three sets of equal numbers of male and female pairs of Ss were studied. In one set both members of each pair had been told that they should like each other. In a second set, one member had been given this information whereas the other had been told that there was no reason to believe he would get along with the other. In a third set, both pair members had been given the negative pre-instruction. The dependent measures were the amount of participation and extent of opinion change during and after an informal debate. It was found that participation was affected only by the sex of Ss, whereas opinion change was related to both sex and the nature of the prior information.
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