Based on a S-R analysis of the summation of overlapping gradients of generalized habit strength, it was predicted that an increase in drive may both lower and raise an empirical generalization gradient depending on the relative response strength of competing tendencies elicited by generalized stimuli. A neutral and a motivated group were presented with a generalized task involving voluntary responses. Each group was subdivided into three groups which differed with respect to percentage of reinforcement of competing responses to generalized stimuli. When the strength of competing responses was negligible, increased motivation raised the gradient, while in other cases the gradient was lowered.
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