Random Assignment of Intervention Points in Two-Phase Single-Case Designs: Data-Division-Specific Distributions

Abstract

The present study explored the statistical properties of a randomization test based on the random assignment of the intervention point in a two-phase (AB) single-case design. The focus is on randomization distributions constructed with the values of the test statistic for all possible random assignments and used to obtain p values. The shape of those distributions is investigated for each specific data division defined by the moment in which the intervention is introduced. Another aim of the study consisted in testing the detection of inexistent effects (i.e., production of false alarms) in autocorrelated data series, in which the assumption of exchangeability between observations may be untenable. In this way, it was possible to compare nominal and empirical Type I error rates to obtain evidence on the statistical validity of the randomization test for each individual data division. The results suggest that, when either of the two phases has considerably fewer measurement times, Type I errors may be too probable and, hence, the decision-making process to be carried out by applied researchers may be jeopardized.