This study examined the reliability and preliminary evidence for validity of a Farsi (Persian) version of the Oxford Happiness Inventory with 309 undergraduate students (161 women and 148 men). Participants completed the Farsi versions of four subscales of the Oxford Happiness Inventory, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Depression-Happiness Scale. Analyses indicated that the Farsi version of the Oxford Happiness Scale has reliability as a measure of well-being and provided some preliminary evidence of construct validity.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlipourA.NourbalaA.EjeiJ.MotieyanH. (2000) Happiness and body immunology performance. The Journal of Psychology, A, 133–152.
2.
ArgyleM. (2001) The psychology of happiness.London: Routledge.
3.
ArgyleM.LuL. (1990) The happiness of extraverts. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1011–1017.
4.
ArgyleM.MartinM.CrasslandJ. (1989) Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In ForgasJ. P.InnesJ. M. (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: an international perspective.Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. Pp. 189–203.
5.
ArgyleM.MartinM.LuL. (1995) Testing for stress and happiness: the role of social and cognitive factors. In SpielbergerC. D.SarasonI. G. (Eds.), Stress and emotion.Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. Pp. 173–187.
6.
AspinwallL. G.StaudingerU. M. (2003) A psychology of human strengths: fundamental questions and future directions for positive psychology.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
7.
BayaniA. A. (2006) Study of Persian version of the Depression-Happiness Scale. Science and Research in Psychology, 29, 31–40.
8.
BayaniA. A.GoodarziH.KoochekiA. (2007) [The reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale]. [Iranian Psychologist], 11, 259–265. [in Farsi]
9.
BeckA. T.WardC. H.MendelsonM.HockJ.ErbaughJ. (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
10.
BeckA. X.SteerR. A. (1993) Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory.San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corp.
11.
BradburnN. M. (1969) The structure of psychological well-being.Oxford, UK: Aldine.
12.
CarrA. (2004) Positive psychology: the science of happiness and human strengths.London: Psychology Press.
13.
ChanR.JosephS. (2000) Dimensions of personality, domains of aspiration, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 347–354.
14.
DienerE. (1999) Introduction to the special section on the structure of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 803–804.
15.
DienerE.EmmonsR. A.LarsenR. J.GriffinS. (1985) The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1105–1117.
16.
DienerE.LarsenR. L. J. (1992) The subjective experience of emotional well-being. In LewisM.LewisJ. M., & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotion.New York: Guilford. Pp. 405–415.
17.
DienerE.ScollonC. N.LucasR. E. (2003) The evolving concept of subjective well-being: the multifaceted nature of happiness. Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology, 15, 187–219.
18.
DienerE.SuchE. M.LucasR. E.SmithH. E. (1999) Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
19.
FrancisL. J. (1999) Happiness is a thing called stable extraversion: a further examination of the relationship between the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Eysenck's dimensional model of personality and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 5–11.
20.
FrancisL. J.BrownL. B.LesterD.PhilipchalkR. (1998) Happiness as stable extraversion: a cross-cultural examination of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory among students in the UK, USA, Australia, and Canada. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 167–171.
21.
FrancisL. J.KatzY. (2000) Internal consistency reliability and validity of the Hebrew translation of the Oxford Happiness Inventory. Psychological Reports, 87, 193–196.
22.
FrancisL. J.KatzY. (2004) Religiosity, personality and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5, 315–333.
23.
FrancisL. J.ZiebertzH-G.LewisC. A. (2003) The relationship between religion and happiness among German students. Pastoral Psychology, 51, 273–281.
24.
FurnhamA.BrewinC. R. (1990) Personality and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1093–1096.
25.
FurnhamA.ChengH. (1999) Personality as predictor of mental health and happiness in the East and West. Personality and individual Differences, 27, 395–403.
26.
GoodarziM. (2002) [Study of validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory among students of University of Shiraz], [Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities of Shiraz University], 36, 26–39.
27.
HayesN.JosephS. (2003) Big 5 correlates of the three measures of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 723–727.
28.
HillsP.ArgyleM. (2001) Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1357–1364.
29.
HillsP.ArgyleM. (2002) The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1073–1082.
30.
JosephS.LewisC. A. (1998) The Depression–Happiness Scale: reliability and validity of a bipolar self-report scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, 537–544.
31.
JosephS.LinleyP. A.HarwoodJ.LewisC. A.McCollamP. (2004) Rapid assessment of well-being: the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS). Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 77, 463–478.
32.
KeyesC. L. M.LopezS. J. (2002) Toward a science of mental health. In SnyderC. R.LopezS. G. (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology.San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Pp. 45–59.
33.
LewisC. A.FrancisL. J.ZiebertzH-G. (2002) The internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the German translation of the Oxford Happiness Inventory. North American Journal of Psychology, 4, 211–220.
34.
LuL.GilmourR.KaoS-EWengT-H.HuaC-H.ChernJ-G.HuangS-W.ShihJ-B. (2001) Two ways to achieve happiness: when the East meets the West. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1161–1174.
35.
LuL.ShihJ. B. (1997) Personality and happiness: is mental health a mediator?Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 249–256.
36.
LyubomirskyS.LepperH. S. (1999) A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137–155.
37.
McGrealR.JosephS. (1993) The Depression-Happiness Scale. Psychological Reports, 73, 1279–1282.
38.
MerendaP. E. (2007) Psychometrics and psychometricians in the 20th and 21st centuries: how it was in the 20th century and how it is now. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 104, 3–20.
39.
NetoF. (2001) Personality predictors of happiness. Psychological Reports, 88, 817–824.
40.
PavotW.DienerE. (1993) Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164–171.
41.
RuniC. D.OttoliniF.RaffanelliC.TossaniE.RiffC. D.FaveA. G. (2003) The relationship of psychological well-being distress and personality. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72, 268–275.
42.
RyffC. D. (1989) Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.
43.
RyffC. D.SingerB. (1998) The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1–28.
44.
SeligmanM. E. P.CsikszentmihalyiM. (2000) Positive psychology: an introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14.
45.
ValiantG. L. (1993) Life events, happiness and depression: the half empty cup. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 447–453.
