The McCarthy Scales and the Children's Embedded Figures Test, as a measure of field dependence-independence, were administered to 32 girls and 18 boys, aged 7 yr. and in their second year of primary education. No significant correlations between the number of correct embedded figures and the total raw scores on the McCarthy Scales were observed, but the embedded figures scores were significantly related to scores on the Perceptual-Performance and Quantitative subscales. Boys and girls show different score patterns. The Verbal, Memory and Motor scales were independent of scores on field dependence-independence for these 7-yr.-olds.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AschS. E.WitkinH. A. (1948a) Studies in space orientation: I. Perception of the upright with displaced visual fields. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 325–337.
2.
AschS. E.WitkinH. A. (1948b) Studies in space orientation: II. Perception of the upright with displaced fields and body tilted. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 445–447.
3.
BenedettoP. (1967) Construction d'une echelle collective de niveau intellectuel. BINOP, 1, 26–43.
4.
BenedettoP.ClercP. (1969) Enquête nationale sur le niveau intellectuel des enfants d'âge scolaire: Presentation d'un Cahier de l'INED réalisé en collaboration avec l'INOP. BINOP, 5, 347–349.
5.
CoopermanR. W. (1980) Field differentiation and intelligence. The Journal of Psychology, 23, 285–299.
6.
GoodenoughD. R.KarpS. A. (1961) Field dependence and intellectual functioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 263–290.
7.
KarpS. A.KonstandN. (1971) The Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT). In WitkinH. A.OltmanP. K.RaskinE.KarpS. A. (Eds.), Manual for the Embedded Figures Tests. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Pp. 21–26. [Spanish translation by L. Manning, Test de Figuras Enmascaradas para Niños. Madrid: TEA, 1982.].
8.
KirchnerT. (1987) Estilo cognitivo “Dependencia-Independencia de Campo” y proceso lector. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universidad de Barcelona.
9.
KirchnerT. (1988) Sex differences among children on embedded tasks. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 67, 972–974.
10.
McCarthyD. (1972) Manual for the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. New York: The Psychological Corp., 1972. [Spanish translation by TEA, Escalas McCarthy de Aptitudes y Psicomotricidad para Niños. Madrid: TEA, 1983.].
PizzamiglioC. L.PizzamiglioL. (1974) Psychometric data of some tests of field dependence related to an Italian population of children from 4 $½ to 10 $½ yr. Archivio de Psicología Neurologica, 35, 127–143.
14.
TestuF. (1985) Dépendence-indépendence à l'égard du champ, intelligence et performances verbales et non-verbales. Bulletin du Psychologie, 36, 901–907.
15.
WechslerD. (1949) Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. New York: Psychological Corp.
16.
WitkinH. A.AschS. E. (1948a) Studies in space orientation: III. Further experiments on perception of the upright with displaced visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 762–782.
17.
WitkinH. A.AschS. E. (1948b) Studies in space orientation: IV. Perception of the upright in the absence of a visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 762–782.
