To examine conceptions of religion and charity in a new venue—busking (street performance)—103 undergraduate students at a regional universityin the southeastern U.S. completed a battery of surveys regarding religion, and attitudes and behaviors toward busking. For those 85 participants who had previously encountered a busker, stepwise regression was used to predict increased frequency of giving to buskers. The best predictive model of giving to buskers consisted of three variables including less experienced irritation toward buskers, prior experience with giving to the homeless, and lower religious fundamentalism.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AllportG. W. (1950) The individual and his religion. New York: Macmillan.
2.
AltemeyerB.HunsbergerB. (1992) Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2(2), 113–133.
3.
AltemeyerB.HunsbergerB. (2004) A revised Religious Fundamentalism scale: the short and sweet of it. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14(1), 47–54.
4.
AltemeyerB.HunsbergerB. (2005) Fundamentalism and authoritarianism. In PaloutzianR. F.ParksC. L. (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Pp. 378–393.
AzarO. H. (2010) Tipping motivations and behavior in the U. S. and Israel. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(2), 421–457.
7.
BarnesS. L. (2006) Subverting the power of prejudice: resources for individual and social change. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press.
8.
BerntF. M. (1989) Being religious and being altruistic: a study of college service volunteers. Personality and Individual Differences, 10(6), 663–669.
9.
ByrdK. R.HagemanA.IsleD. B. (2007) Intrinsic motivation and subjective well-being: the unique contribution of intrinsic religious motivation. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 17, 141–156.
10.
ChauL.JohnsonR. C.BowersJ. K.DarvillT. J. (1990) Intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity as related to conscience, adjustment, and altruism. Personality and Individual Differences, 11(4), 397–400.
11.
CowardH. (1986) Intolerance in the world's religions. Studies in Religion, 15, 419–431.
12.
CunninghamP. J.HadleyJ. (2008) Effects of changes in incomes and practice circumstances on physicians' decisions to treat charity and Medicaid patients. Milbank Quarterly, 86(1), 91–123.
13.
DasE.KerkhofP.KuiperJ. (2008) Improving the effectiveness of fundraising messages: the impact of charity goal attainment, message framing, and evidence on persuasion. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 36(2), 161–175.
14.
DouglassA.KlayR.LunnJ. (2001) Relationships among giving, church attendance, and religious belief: the case of the Presbyterian Church (USA). Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(4), 765–775.
15.
GorsuchR. L.McPhersonS. E. (1989) Intrinsic/extrinsic measurement: I/E – Revised and single-item scales. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28(3), 348–354.
16.
HansenD. E.VandenbergB.PattersonM. L. (1995) The effects of religious orientation on spontaneous and nonspontaneous helping behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(1), 101–104.
17.
HillP. C. (1989) Religious Orientation Scale–Revised. In HillP. C.HoodR. W.Jr. (Eds.), Measures of Religiosity. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press. Pp. 154–156.
18.
HoodR. W.Jr.HillP. C.SpilkaB. (2009) The psychology of religion: an empirical approach. (4th ed.) New York, NY: Guilford Press.
19.
HunsbergerB.JacksonL. M. (2005) Religion, meaning, and prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 807–826.
20.
HunsbergerB.PlatonowE. (1986) Religion and helping charitable causes. Journal of Psychology, 120, 517–528.
21.
JonesH. (1997) The Protestant ethic: Weber's model and the empirical literature. Human Relations, 50, 757–778.
22.
JonesH. B.Jr.FurnhamA.DeileA. J. (2010) Religious orientation and the Protestant work ethic. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 13(7/8), 697–706.
23.
KauffmannD.KauffmannK.HarderK.ZimmerlyT. (1985) Religious salience and contributions to a charitable organization. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 4(1), 56–61.
24.
KirkpatrickL. A. (1989) A psychometric analysis of the Allport-Ross and Feagin measures of intrinsic-extrinsic religious orientation. In MobergD. O.LynnM. L. (Eds.), Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion. (Vol. 1) Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Pp. 1–31.
25.
LamP-Y. (2002) As the flocks gather: how religion affects voluntary association participation. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 405–422.
26.
LeszczycP. T. L. P.RothkopfM. H. (2010) Charitable motives and bidding in charity auctions. Management Science, 56(3), 399–413.
27.
LiljenquistK.ZhongC-B.GalinskyA. D. (2010) The smell of virtue: clean scents promote reciprocity and charity. Psychological Science, 21(3), 381–383.
28.
LyonsM.Nivison-SmithI. (2006) Religion and giving in Australia. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 41(4), 419–436.
MalhotraD. (2010) When are religious people nicer? Religious salience and the “Sunday effect” on pro-social behavior. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(2), 138–143.
31.
MayoJ. W.TinsleyC. H. (2009) Warm glow and charitable giving: why the wealthy do not give more to charity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 490–499.
32.
MeijerM-M. (2009) The effects of charity reputation on charitable giving. Corporate Reputation Review, 12(1), 33–42.
33.
National Busking Day - Calls Music Industry. (2010) M2PressWIRE. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
34.
NelsonL. D.DynesR. R. (1976) The impact of devotionalism and attendance on ordinary and emergency helping behavior. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 15, 47–59.
35.
NelsonM. R.BrunelF. F.SupphellenM.ManchandaR. V. (2006) Effects of culture, gender, and moral obligations on responses to charity advertising across masculine and feminine cultures. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16(1), 45–56.
36.
NorthA.TarrantM.HargreavesD. J. (2004) The effects of music on helping behavior: a field study. Environment & Behavior, 36(2), 266–275.
37.
PelozaJ.HassayD. N. (2007) Does vice make nice? The viability and virtuousness of charity lotteries. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 18(1), 57–80.
38.
RegnerusM. D.SmithC.SikkinkD. (1998) Who gives to the poor? The influence of religious tradition and political location on the personal generosity of Americans toward the poor. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 481–493.
39.
RokeachM. (1969) Value systems and religion. Review of Religious Research, 11, 24–38.
40.
RondeauD.ListJ. A. (2008) Matching and challenge gifts to charity: evidence from laboratory and natural field experiments. Experimental Economics, 11(3), 253–267.
41.
RyckmanR. M.Van Den BorneB.ThorntonB.GoldJ. A. (2004) Intrinsic-extrinsic religiosity and university students' willingness to donate organs posthumously. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(1), 196–205.
42.
SchererJ. (2004) Busking through Canada. Faces, 20(6), 22.
43.
SmallD. A.VerrochiN. M. (2009) The face of need: facial emotion expression on charity advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(6), 777–787.
44.
SunY.LimK. H.JiangC.PengJ.ChenX. (2010) Do males and females think in the same way? An empirical investigation on the gender differences in Web advertising evaluation. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1614–1624.
45.
UslanerE. M. (2002) Religion and civic engagement in Canada and the United States. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 239–254.
46.
Van DiepenM.DonkersB.FransesP. H. (2009) Dynamic and competitive effects of direct mailings: a charitable giving application. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(1), 120–133.
47.
WatsonP. J.HoodR. W.MorrisR. J.HallJ. R. (1984) Empathy, religious orientation, and social desirability. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 117(2), 211–216.
48.
WeberM. (1904–1905/1958) The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. (ParsonsTalcott, Trans.) New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. (Original work published 1904–1905)
