This study measured the effect of job self-efficacy and caregiving dimensions (hyperactivation and deactivation) on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in a sample of 160 customer service workers. While job self-efficacy and caregiving deactivation independently had moderate main effects on OCB–Individual and OCB–Organizational, the effect of caregiving hyperactivation was smaller and significantly contributed solely to OCB–Organizational. When caregiving dimensions were examined in interaction with job self-efficacy, the effect of deactivated caregiving on OCB–Organizational was stronger for workers who scored high on job self-efficacy.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AikenL. S.WestS. G. (1991) Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2.
AllenT. D.RushM. C. (1998) The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments: a field study and a laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 247–260. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.247
3.
AlmogO. (2004) Preda Misrulik: Shinuy arachim ba'elita hayisre'elit [Farewell to ‘Srulik’: changing values among the Israeli elite]. Haifa, Israel: Haifa Univer. Press and Zmora Bitan. [in Hebrew]
4.
BanduraA. (1997) Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
5.
BeauregardT. A. (2012) Perfectionism, self-efficacy and OCB: the moderating role of gender. Personnel Review, 41, 590–608. DOI: 10.1108/00483481211249120
6.
BoglerR.SomechA. (2004) Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers' organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 277–289. DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2004.02.003
7.
BormanW. C.MotowidloS. J. (1997) Task performance and contextual performance: the meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10, 99–109. DOI: 10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3
8.
BowlbyJ. (1982) Attachment and loss. Vol. 1: attachment. (2nd ed.) New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1969)
9.
CarnelleyK. B.PietromonacoP. R.JaffeK. (1996) Attachment, caregiving, and relationship functioning in couples: effects of self and partner. Personal Relationships, 3, 257–277. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00116.x
10.
ChangC. H.JohnsonR. E.YangL. Q. (2007) Emotional strain and organizational citizenship behaviours: a meta-analysis and review. Work & Stress, 21(4), 312–332. DOI: 10.1080/02678370701758124
11.
ChenC.ChiuS. (2009) The mediating role of job involvement in the relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 149, 474–494. DOI: 10.3200/SOCP.149.4.474-494
12.
ChenC. H. V.KaoR. H. (2011) A multilevel study on the relationships between work characteristics, self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior: the case of Taiwanese police duty-executing organizations. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 145, 361–390. DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2011.574168
13.
ChiaburuD. S.OhI. S.BerryC. M.LiN.GardnerR. G. (2011) The five-factor model of personality traits and organizational citizenship behaviors: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 1140–1166. DOI: 10.1037/a0024004
14.
CollinsN. L.FordM. B. (2010) Responding to the needs of others: the caregiving behavioral system in intimate relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 235–244. DOI: 10.1177/0265407509360907
15.
CollinsN. L.FordM. B.GuichardA. C.KaneH. S.FeeneyB. C. (2010) Responding to need in intimate relationships: social support and caregiving processes in couples. In MikulincerM.ShaverP. R. (Eds.), Prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior: the better angels of our nature. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Pp. 367–389. DOI: 10.1037/12061-019
16.
DalalR. S. (2005) A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1241–1255. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1241
17.
DirksK. T.FerrinD. L. (2002) Trust in leadership: meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 611–628. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611
18.
FeeneyJ. A. (1996) Attachment, caregiving, and marital satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 3, 401–416. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00124.x
19.
FiskG. M.NevilleL. B. (2011) Effects of customer entitlement on service workers' physical and psychological well-being: a study of waitstaff employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 391–405. DOI: 10.1037/a0023802
20.
IliesR.FulmerI. S.SpitzmullerM.JohnsonM. D. (2009) Personality and citizenship behavior: the mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 945–959. DOI: 10.1037/a0013329
21.
JainA. K.GigaS. I.CooperC. L. (2013) Perceived organizational support as a moderator in the relationship between organisational stressors and organizational citizenship behaviors. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 21, 313–334. DOI: 10.1108/IJOA-Mar-2012-0574
22.
KonovskyM. A.OrganD. W. (1996) Dispositional and contextual determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 215–224. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199605)17:3<253::AID-JOB747>3.0.CO;2-Q
23.
LeeK.AllenN. J. (2002) Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: the role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 131–142. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.131
24.
LeeM.MatherM. (2008) U.S. labor force trends. Population Bulletin, 63(2), 1–16. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau.
25.
LevS.KoslowskyM. (2012) Teacher gender as a moderator of the on-the-job embeddedness–OCB relationship. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 81–99. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00868.x.s
26.
LievensF.AnseelF. (2004) Confirmatory factor analysis and invariance of an organizational citizenship behaviour measure across samples in a Dutch-speaking context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 299–306. DOI: 10.1348/0963179041752727
27.
LovellS. E.KahnA. S.AntonJ.DavidsonA.DowlingE.PostD. (1999) Does gender affect the link between organizational citizenship behavior and performance evaluation?Sex Roles, 41, 469–478. DOI: 10.1023/A:1018883018719
28.
LuthansF.AvolioB. J.AveyJ. B.NormanS. M. (2007) Positive psychological capital: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541–572. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
29.
MadduxJ. E. (1995) Self-efficacy theory: an introduction. In MadduxJ. E. (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: theory, research, and application. New York: Plenum. Pp. 3–33.
30.
MorrisonE. W.PhelpsC. C. (1999) Taking charge at work: extra role efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 403–419. DOI: 10.2307/257011
31.
NgT. W. H.FeldmanD. C. (2010a) Human capital and objective indicators of career success: the mediating effects of cognitive ability and conscientiousness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 207–235. DOI: 10.1348/096317909X414584
32.
NgT. W. H.FeldmanD. C. (2010b) Organizational tenure and job performance. Journal of Management, 36, 1220–1250. DOI: 10.1177/0149206309359809
33.
OrganD. W. (1988) Organizational citizenship behavior: the good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
34.
OrganD. W. (1997) Organizational citizenship behavior: it's construct clean-up time. Human Performance, 10, 85–97. DOI: 10.1207/s15327043hup1002_2
35.
OrganD. W.RyanK. (1995) A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775–802. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01781.x
36.
OswaldF. L.HoughL. M. (2010) Personality and its assessment in organizations: theoretical and empirical developments. In ZedeckS. (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Vol. 2: selecting and developing members for the organization. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Pp. 153–184.
37.
PodsakoffN. P.WhitingS. W.PodsakoffP. M.BlumeB. D. (2009) Individual- and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 122–141. DOI: 10.1037/a0013079
38.
PodsakoffP. M.MacKenzieS. B.PodsakoffN. P. (2012) Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 539–569. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
39.
RaghuramS.WiesenfeldB.GarudR. (2003) Technology enabled work: the role of self-efficacy in determining telecommuter adjustment and structuring behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 180–198. DOI: 10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00040-X
40.
ReizerA.DahanD.ShaverP. R. (2013) The contributions of attachment and caregiving orientations to living a meaningful life. Psychology, 4, 1039–1045. DOI: 10.4236/psych.2013.412151
41.
ReizerA.MikulincerM. (2007) Assessing individual differences in working models of caregiving. Journal of Individual Differences, 28, 227–239. DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.28.4.227
42.
RonenS.MikulincerM. (2012) Predicting employees' satisfaction and burnout from managers' attachment and caregiving orientations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21, 828–849. DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2011.595561
43.
ShaverP. R.MikulincerM.Shemesh-IronM. (2010) A behavioral-systems perspective on prosocial behavior. In MikulincerM.ShaverP. R. (Eds.), Prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior: the better angels of our nature. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Pp. 73–92.
44.
SmithC. A.OrganD. W.NearJ. P. (1983) Organizational citizenship behavior: its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
45.
SomechA.Drach-ZahavyA. (2000) Understanding extra-role behavior in schools: the relationships between job satisfaction, sense of efficacy, and teachers' extra-role behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 649–659. DOI: 10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00012-3
46.
SpeierC.FreseM. (1997) Generalized self-efficacy as a mediator and moderator between control and complexity at work and personal initiative: a longitudinal field study in East Germany. Human Performance, 10, 171–192. DOI: 10.1207/s15327043hup1002_7
47.
StajkovicA. D.LuthansF. (1998) Self-efficacy and work-related performance: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 240–261. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.240
48.
SujanH.WeitzB. A.KumarN. (1994) Learning orientation, working smart, and effective selling. Journal of Marketing, 58, 39–52. DOI: 10.2307/1252309
49.
ToddS. Y.KentA. (2006) Direct and indirect effects of task characteristics on organizational citizenship behavior. North American Journal of Psychology, 8, 253–268.
50.
WhitingS. W.PodsakoffP. M.PierceJ. R. (2008) Effects of task performance, helping, voice, and organizational loyalty on performance appraisal ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 125–139. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.125
51.
WilliamsL. J.AndersonS. E. (1991) Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17, 601–617. DOI: 10.1177/014920639101700305
