NistalMPaniaguaRDiez-PardoJA. Testicular microlithiasis in 2 children with bilateral cryptorchidism. J Urol1979;121:535–537.
6.
SohvalAR. Histopathology of cryptorchidism: A study based upon the comparative histology of retained and scrotal testes from birth to maturity. Am J Med1954;16:346–362.
7.
BungeRGBradburyJT. Intratubular bodies of the human testis. J Urol1961;85:306–310.
8.
LanmanJTSklarinBSCooperHLHirschhornK. Klinefelter's syndrome in a ten-month-old Mongolian idiot: Report of a case with chromosome analysis. N Engl J Med1960;263:887–890.
9.
GoedeJHackWWSijstermansKPierikFH. Testicular microlithiasis in a 2-year-old boy with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. J Ultrasound Med2008;27:1503–1505.
10.
VachonLFareauGEWilsonMGChanLS. Testicular microlithiasis in patients with Down syndrome. J Pediatr2006;149:233–236.
KwanDJKirschAJChangDTGoluboffETBerdonWEHensleTW. Testicular microlithiasis in a child with torsion of the appendix testis. J Urol1995;153:183–184.
13.
RajbabuKMorelJCThompsonPMSidhuPS. Multi-cystic (rete testis) supernumerary testis in polyorchidism with underlying microlithiasis: Ultrasound features. Australas Radiol2007; 51(Spec No):B56–B58.
14.
PoyrazogluSSakaNAgayevAYekelerE. Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and its association with testicular adrenal rest tumors. Horm Res Paediatr2010;73:443–448.
15.
WasniewskaMRaiolaGTeresaA. Gynecomastia disclosing diagnosis of Leydig cell tumour in a man with thalassemia, secondary hypogonadism and testis microlithiasis. Acta Biomed2009;80:286–288.
16.
MullinsTLSantGRUcciAAJrDohertyFJ. Testicular microlithiasis occurring in postorchiopexy testis. Urology1986;27:144–146.
17.
IkingerUWursterKTerweyBMohringK. Microcalcifications in testicular malignancy: Diagnostic tool in occult tumor?Urology1982;19:525–528.
18.
KangJRajpert-De MeytsEGiwercmanASkakkebaekNE. The association of testicular carcinoma “in situ” with intratubular microcalcifications. J Urol Pathol1994;2:235–242.
19.
WegnerHEHubotterAAndresenRMillerK. Testicular microlithiasis and concomitant testicular intraepithelial neoplasia. Int Urol Nephrol1998;30:313–315.
20.
Hoei-HansenCESommerPMeytsERSkakkebaekNE. A rare diagnosis: Testicular dysgenesis with carcinoma in situ detected in a patient with ultrasonic microlithiasis. Asian J Androl2005;7:445–447.
MazzilliFDelfinoMImbrognoNEliaJSpinosaVDi NardoR. Seminal profile of subjects with testicular microlithiasis and testicular calcifications. Fertil Steril2005;84:243–245.
23.
SasagawaINakadaTKazamaTSatomiSKatayamaTMatudaS. Testicular microlithiasis in male infertility. Urol Int1988;43:368–369.
24.
SchantzAMilstenR. Testicular microlithiasis with sterility. Fertil Steril1976;27:801–805.
CoetzeeT. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with involvement of the sympathetic nervous system and gonads. Thorax1970;25:637–642.
28.
RenshawAA. Testicular calcifications: Incidence, histology and proposed pathological criteria for testicular microlithiasis. J Urol1998;160:1625–1628.
29.
HobarthKSusaniMSzaboNKratzikC. Incidence of testicular microlithiasis. Urology1992;40:464–467.
30.
DohertyFJMullinsTLSantGRDrinkwaterMAUcciAAJr. Testicular microlithiasis. A unique sonographic appearance. J Ultrasound Med1987;6:389–392.
31.
JanzenDLMathiesonJRMarshJI. Testicular microlithiasis: Sonographic and clinical features. AJR Am J Roentgenol1992;158:1057–1060.
32.
SmithWSBrammerHMHenryMFrazierH. Testicular microlithiasis: Sonographic features with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol1991;157:1003–1004.
33.
WhitmanGJBostonMAHallDAMcCarthyKAHulkaCASimeoneJF. Testicular microlithiasis: US features and significance. Radiology1994;192:781–785.
34.
BackusMLMackLAMiddletonWDKingBFWinterTCIIITrueLD. Testicular microlithiasis: Imaging appearances and pathologic correlation. Radiology1994;192:781–785.
35.
GoedeJHackWWvan der Voort-DoedensLMSijstermansKPierikFH. Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in asymptomatic males 0 to 19 years old. J Urol2009;182:1516–1520.
36.
DagashHMackinnonEA. Testicular microlithiasis: What does it mean clinically?BJU Int2007;99:157–160.
37.
LeenenASRiebelTW. Testicular microlithiasis in children: Sonographic features and clinical implications. Pediatr Radiol2002;32:575–579.
38.
MillerFNRosairoSClarkeJLSriprasadSMuirGHSidhuPS. Testicular calcification and microlithiasis: Association with primary intra-testicular malignancy in 3,477 patients. Eur Radiol2007;17:363–369.
39.
DeganelloASvasti-SaleeDAllenPClarkeJLSellarsMESidhuPS. Scrotal calcification in a symptomatic paediatric population: Prevalence, location, and appearance in a cohort of 516 patients. Clin Radiol2012;67:862–867.
40.
HusmannDA. Cryptorchidism and its relationship to testicular neoplasia and microlithiasis. Urology2005;66:424–426.
41.
SerterSOrgucSGumusBAyyildizVPabuscuY. Doppler sonographic findings in testicular microlithiasis. Int Braz J Urol2008;34:477–482; discussion 482–484.
42.
PetersonACBaumanJMLightDEMcMannLPCostabileRA. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population of men 18 to 35 years old. J Urol2001;166:2061–2064.
43.
CastJENelsonWMEarlyAS. Testicular microlithiasis: Prevalence and tumor risk in a population referred for scrotal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol2000;175:1703–1706.
44.
SkyrmeRJFennNJJonesARBowsherWG. Testicular microlithiasis in a UK population: Its incidence, associations and follow-up. BJU Int2000;86:482–485.
45.
GanemJPWorkmanKRShabanSF. Testicular microlithiasis is associated with testicular pathology. Urology1999;53:209–213.
46.
DerogeeMBeversRFPrinsHJJongesTGElbersFHBoonTA. Testicular microlithiasis, a premalignant condition: Prevalence, histopathologic findings, and relation to testicular tumor. Urology2001;57:1133–1137.
47.
AizensteinRIDiDomenicoDWilburACO'NeilHK. Testicular microlithiasis: Association with male infertility. J Clin Ultrasound1998;26:195–198.
48.
KessarisDNMellingerBC. Incidence and implication of testicular microlithiasis detected by scrotal duplex sonography in a select group of infertile men. J Urol1994;152(5 Pt 1):1560–1561.
49.
NicolasFDuboisRLaboureSDodatHCanterinoIRouviereO. Testicular microlithiasis and cryptorchism: Ultrasound analysis after orchidopexy. Prog Urol2001;11:357–361.
50.
KimBWinterTCIIIRyuJA. Testicular microlithiasis: Clinical significance and review of the literature. Eur Radiol2003;13:2567–2576.
51.
MillerRLWissmanRWhiteSRagosinR. Testicular microlithiasis: A benign condition with a malignant association. J Clin Ultrasound1996;24:197–202.
52.
RashidHHCosLRWeinbergEMessingEM. Testicular microlithiasis: A review and its association with testicular cancer. Urol Oncol2004;22:285–289.
53.
HolmMHoei-HansenCERajpert-De MeytsESkakkebaekNE. Increased risk of carcinoma in situ in patients with testicular germ cell cancer with ultrasonic microlithiasis in the contralateral testicle. J Urol2003;170(4 Pt 1):1163–1167.
54.
KaveggiaFFStrassmanMJApfelbachGLHatchJLWirtanenGW. Diffuse testicular microlithiasis associated with intratubular germ cell neoplasia and seminoma. Urology1996;48:794–796.
55.
ParraBLVenableDDGonzalezEEasthamJA. Testicular microlithiasis as a predictor of intratubular germ cell neoplasia. Urology1996;48:797–799.
56.
PriebeCJ.JrGarretR. Testicular calcification in a 4-year-old boy. Pediatrics1970;46:785–788.
57.
NistalMPaniaguaRGonzález-PeramatoPReyes-MúgicaM. Perspectives in pediatric pathology, chapter 11. Testicular pathology of hamartomatous origin. Pediatr Dev Pathol2016;19:1–11.
58.
Vegni-TalluriMBigliardiEVanniMGTotaG. Testicular microliths: Their origin and structure. J Urol1980;124:105–107.
59.
NistalMMartinez-GarciaCPaniaguaR. The origin of testicular microliths. Int J Androl1995;18:221–229.
60.
De JongBWDe Gouveia BrazaoCAStoopH. Raman spectroscopic analysis identifies testicular microlithiasis as intratubular hydroxyapatite. J Urol2004;171:92–96.
61.
TanIBAngKKChingBCMohanCTohCKTanMH. Testicular microlithiasis predicts concurrent testicular germ cell tumors and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of unclassified type in adults: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Cancer2010;116:4520–4532.
62.
ArrigoTMessinaMFValenziseM. Testicular microlithiasis heralding mixed germ cell tumor of the testis in a boy. J Endocrinol Invest2006;29:82–85.
McEniffNDohertyFKatzJSchragerCAKlauberG. Yolk sac tumor of the testis discovered on a routine annual sonogram in a boy with testicular microlithiasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol1995;164:971–972.
65.
SlaughenhouptBKadlecASchrepfermanC. Testicular microlithiasis preceding metastatic mixed germ cell tumor—first pediatric report and recommended management of testicular microlithiasis in the pediatric population. Urology2009;73:1029–1031.
66.
FurnessPDIIIHusmannDABrockJWIII. Multi-institutional study of testicular microlithiasis in childhood: A benign or premalignant condition?J Urol1998;160(3 Pt 2):1151–1154; discussion 1178.
67.
KocaogluMBozlarUBulakbasiNSaglamMUcozTSomuncuI. Testicular microlithiasis in pediatric age group: Ultrasonography findings and literature review. Diagn Intervent Radiol2005;11:60–65.
68.
PourbagherMAKilincFGuvelSPourbagherAEgilmezTOzkardesH. Follow-up of testicular microlithiasis for subsequent testicular cancer development. Urol Int2005;74:108–112; discussion 13.
69.
SilveriMBassaniFColajacomoMOraziCAdorisioO. Management and follow-up of pediatric asymptomatic testicular microlithiasis: Are we doing it well?Urol J2011;8:287–290.
70.
RichenbergJBrejtN. Testicular microlithiasis: Is there a need for surveillance in the absence of other risk factors?Eur Radiol2012;22:2540–2546.
71.
LamDLGerscovichEOKuoMCMcGahanJP. Testicular microlithiasis: Our experience of 10 years. J Ultrasound Med2007;26:867–873.
72.
AlsikafiNFGerberGS. Bilateral metachronous testicular seminoma associated with microlithiasis. J Urol1998;159:1643–1644.
73.
FrushDPKliewerMAMaddenJF. Testicular microlithiasis and subsequent development of metastatic germ cell tumor. AJR Am J Roentgenol1996;167:889–890.
74.
GolashAParkerJEnnisOJenkinsBJ. The interval of development of testicular carcinoma in a patient with previously demonstrated testicular microlithiasis. J Urol2000;163:239.
75.
GoodingGA. Detection of testicular microlithiasis by sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol1997;168:281–282.
76.
WinterTCIIIZunkelDEMackLA. Testicular carcinoma in a patient with previously demonstrated testicular microlithiasis. J Urol1996;155:648.
77.
AizensteinRIHibbelnJFSagireddyBWilburACO'NeilHK. Klinefelter's syndrome associated with testicular microlithiasis and mediastinal germ-cell neoplasm. J Clin Ultrasound1997;25:508–510.
NishiyamaTTerunumaMIwashimaASoumaTHiraharaH. Testicular microlithiasis with mediastinal choriocarcinoma: A case report. Int J Urol1998;5:301–302.
80.
KordeLAPremkumarAMuellerC. Increased prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in men with familial testicular cancer and their relatives. Br J Cancer2008;99:1748–1753.
RavichandranSSmithRCornfordPAFordhamMV. Surveillance of testicular microlithiasis? Results of an UK based national questionnaire survey. BMC Urol2006;6:8.
83.
MeissnerAMamoulakisCde la RosetteJJPesMP. Clinical update on testicular microlithiasis. Curr Opin Urol2009;19:615–618.
84.
BennettHFMiddletonWDBullockADTeefeySA. Testicular microlithiasis: US follow-up. Radiology2001;218:359–363.
85.
de Gouveia BrazaoCAPierikFHOosterhuisJWDohleGRLooijengaLHWeberRF. Bilateral testicular microlithiasis predicts the presence of the precursor of testicular germ cell tumors in subfertile men. J Urol2004;171:158–160.
WoodwardPJSohaeyRO'DonoghueMJGreenDE. From the archives of the AFIP: Tumors and tumorlike lesions of the testis: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics Rev Publ Radiol Soc North Am2002;22:189–216.
88.
NistalMPaniaguaRGonzález-PeramatoPReyes-MúgicaM. Perspectives in pediatric pathology, chapter 24. Testicular tumors. Pediatr Dev Pathol (in press).
89.
MartinBTubianaJM. Significance of scrotal calcifications detected by sonography. J Clin Ultrasound1988;16:545–552.
90.
AhlqvistJLahtiharjuAElfvingG. On intratubular calcification in the epididymis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand1965;65:541–544.
91.
OberndorferS. Spermaretention, Spermaresorption, Spermiophagie, Spermaagglutination. Riesenzellbildungen in Hodenkanalchen und abfuhrenden Samenwegen. In: HenkeFLubarschO, eds. Handbuch der Speziellen Pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie Mannliche Geschlechtsorgane. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1931;708–718.
92.
OliveiraAGOliveiraCA. Epididymal lithiasis in roosters: In the middle of the way there was a stone. Life Sci2011;89:588–594.
93.
MahechaGAOliveiraCABalzuweitKHessRA. Epididymal lithiasis in roosters and efferent ductule and testicular damage. Reproduction2002;124:821–834.
94.
GuvelSPourbagherMATorunDEgilmezTPourbagherAOzkardesH. Calcification of the epididymis and the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. J Androl2004;25:752–756.
95.
BozziniGLunelliLBerlingheriMGroppaliECarmignaniL. Epididymis microlithiasis and semen abnormalities in young adult kidney transplant recipients. Andrologia2013;45:357–360.
96.
MathewMThomasJ. Microlithiasis of the epididymis: A case report and review of literature. Indian J Pathol Microbiol2008;51:534–535.
97.
NistalMGarcia-CabezasMARegaderaJCastilloMC. Microlithiasis of the epididymis and the rete testis. Am J Surg Pathol2004;28:514–522.
98.
VanderveldeCVargheseAMasonAHowlettD. Sonographic appearance of epididymal microlithiasis. J Clin Ultrasound2007;35:413–415.
99.
LiesegangRE. Uber einige eigerschaften von Gallerton. Nat Wochenschr1896;11:353–362.
100.
NistalMPaniaguaRGonzález-PeramatoPReyes-MúgicaM. Perspectives in pediatric pathology, chapter 12. Congenital epididymal anomalies. Pediatr Dev Pathol2016;19:12–23.
101.
NistalMIniguezLPaniaguaRRegaderaJ. Diverticula of the ductus epididymis in men. J Urol1986;136:1224–1227.
102.
KatzLBEhyaH. Liesegang rings in renal cyst fluid. Diagn Cytopathol1990;6:197–200.
103.
KickhamCJE. Calcified hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis. New Engl J Med1935;212:419