Nickel

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Savin J. The rise and fall of nickel allergy. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2003; 2:57.

Thyssen JP , Johansen JD , Menné T . Contact allergy epidemics and their controls. Contact Dermatitis, 2007; 56:185-95.

Hostynek JJ. Sensitization to nickel: etiology, epidemiology, immune reactions, prevention, and therapy. Rev Environ Health, 2006; 21:253-80.

Marcussen PV. The rise in incidence of nickel sensitivity. Br J Dermatol, 1959; 71:97-101.

Meding B. Epidemiology of nickel allergy. J Environ Monit, 2003; 5:188-9.

Brandrup F , Larsen FS . Nickel dermatitis provoked by buttons in blue jeans. Contact Dermatitis, 1979; 5:148-50.

Machovcova A , Dastychova E , Kostalova D , et al. Common contact sensitizers in the Czech Republic. Patch test results in 12,058 patients with suspected contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 2005; 53:162-6.

Uter W , Hegewald J , Aberer W , et al. The European standard series in 9 European countries, 2002/2003—first results of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies. Contact Dermatitis, 2005; 53:136-45.

Rietschel RL , Fowler JF , editors. Contact dermatitis and other reactions to metals. In: Fisher's contact dermatitis. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. p. 808-85.

Freireich-Astman M , David M , Trattner A . Standard patch test results in patients with contact dermatitis in Israel: age and sex differences. Contact Dermatitis, 2007; 56:103-7.

Rietschel RL , Fowler JF , Warshaw EM , et al. Detection of nickel sensitivity has increased in North America patch test patients. 2007. [DOI ].

Kalimo K , Mattila L , Kautiainen H . Nickel allergy and orthodontic treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2004; 18:543-5.

Kerosuo H , Kullaa A , Kerosuo E , et al. Nickel allergy in adolescents in relation to orthodontic treatment and piercing of ears. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 1996; 109:148-54.

Larsson-Stymne B , Widstrom L. Ear piercing—a cause of nickel allergy in schoolgirls?. Contact Dermatitis, 1985; 13:289-93.

Marks JG Jr , Belsito DV , DeLeo VA , et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 1996-1998. Arch Dermatol, 2000; 136:272-3.

Johansen J , Menné T , Christophersen J , et al. Changes in the pattern of sensitization to common contact allergens in Denmark between 1985-86 and 1997-98, with a special view to the effect of preventive strategies. Br J Dermatol, 2000; 142:490-5.

Lindberg M , Edman B , Fischer T , Stenberg B . Time trends in Swedish patch test data from 1992 to 2000. A multi-centre study based on age- and sex-adjusted results of the Swedish standard series. Contact Dermatitis, 2007; 56:205-10.

Jensen CS , Lisby S , Baadsgaard O , et al. Decrease in nickel sensitization in a Danish schoolgirl population with ears pierced after implementation of a nickel-exposure regulation. Br J Dermatol, 2002; 146:636-42.

Danish Ministry of Environment. Statutory Order of the Danish Ministry of Environment regarding prohibition of sale and labeling of certain nickel containing products. Statutory Order no. 854, 16 Dec 1991.

European Parliament and Council Directive 94/27/EEC. The European Directive restricting the use of nickel. 1994; [4 screens]. Available at: http://www.teg.co.uk/teg/nickel/94-27-EC.htm (accessed September 5, 2007).

Commission Directive 2004/96/EC of September 2004 amending Council Directive 76/769/EEC as regards restriction on the marketing and use of nickel for piercing post assemblies for the purpose of adapting its Annex I to technical progress. 2004; [screens]. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2004/l_301/l_30120040928en00510052.pdf (accessed September 5, 2007).

Scientific Committee on Toxicity , Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE): Opinion of CSTEE on the LGC's report on “risk of sensitisation of humans to nickel by piercing post assemblies”: Final report, 31 March 2003. Contract No.: EDT/FIF.2001592. Adopted by the CSTEE during the 40th plenary meeting of 12-13 November 2003; [7 screens]. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/sct/documents/out211_en.pdf (accessed August 30, 2007).

Liden C , Norberg K . Nickel on the Swedish market. Follow-up after implementation of the Nickel Directive. Contact Dermatitis, 2005; 52:29-35.

Cramers M , Lucht U . Metal sensitivity in patients treated for tibial fractures with plates of stainless steel. Acta Orthop Scand, 1977; 48:245-9.

Kanerva L , Forstrom L . Allergic nickel and chromate hand dermatitis induced by orthopaedic metal implant. Contact Dermatitis, 2001; 44:103-4.

Kerosuo H , Kanerva L . Systemic contact dermatitis caused by nickel in a stainless steel orthodontic appliance. Contact Dermatitis, 1997; 36:112-3.

Staerkjaer L , Menné T . Nickel allergy and orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod, 1990; 12:284-9.

Schultz JC , Connelly E , Glesne L , Warshaw EM . Cutaneous and oral eruption from oral exposure to nickel in dental braces. Dermatitis, 2004; 15:154-7.

Dermatitis from metals used in medical devices and implants. In: Rietschel R , Fowler JF , editors. Fisher's contact dermatitis. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. p. 414-47.

Rahilly G , Price N . Nickel allergy and orthodontics. J Orthod, 2003; 30:171-4.

Köster R , Vieluf D , Kiehn M , et al. Nickel and molybdenum contact allergies in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis. Lancet, 2000; 356:1895-7.

Keane FM , Morris SD , Smith HR , Rycroft RJ . Allergy in coronary in-stent restenosis [author reply appears in Lancet 2001;357:1206-7]. Lancet, 2001; 357:1205-6.

Norgaz T , Hobikoglu G , Serdar ZA , et al. Is there a link between nickel allergy and coronary stent restenosis?. Tohoku J Exp Med, 2005; 206:243-6.

Iijima R , Ikari Y , Amiya E , et al. The impact of metallic allergy on stent implantation: metal allergy and recurrence of in-stent restenosis. Int J Cardiol, 2005; 104:319-25.

Hillen U , Haude M , Erbel R , Goos M . Evaluation of metal allergies in patients with coronary stents. Contact Dermatitis, 2002; 47:353-6.

Khan SF , Sherbondy MA , Ormsby A , Velanovich V . Occlusion of metallic biliary stent related to nickel allergy. Gastrointest Endosc, 2007; 66:413-4.

Gimenez-Arnau A , Riambau V , Serra-Baldrich E , Camarasa JG . Metal-induced generalized pruriginous dermatitis and endovascular surgery. Contact Dermatitis, 2000; 43:35-40.

Wever DJ , Veldhuizen AG , Sanders MM , et al. Cytotoxic, allergic and genotoxic activity of a nickel-titanium alloy. Biomaterials, 1997; 18:1115-20.

Jensen CS , Menné T , Lisby S , et al. Experimental systemic contact dermatitis from nickel: a dose-response study. Contact Dermatitis, 2003; 49:124-32.

Jensen CS , Menné T , Johansen JD . Systemic contact dermatitis after oral exposure to nickel: a review with a modified meta-analysis. Contact Dermatitis, 2006; 54:79-86.

Veien NK , Hattel T , Laurberg G . Low nickel diet: an open, prospective trial. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1993; 29:1002-7.

Veien NK , Hattel T , Justesen O , Norholm A . Dietary treatment of nickel dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol, 1985; 65:138-42.

Kaaber K , Menné T , Veien N , Hougaard P . Treatment of nickel dermatitis with Antabuse; a double blind study. Contact Dermatitis, 1983; 9:297-9.

Schiavino D , Nucera E , Alonzi C , et al. A clinical trial of oral hyposensitization in systemic allergy to nickel. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2006; 19:593-600.

Donma MM , Donma O . Arsenic and nickel: unavoidable constituents of our everyday diet. Med Hypotheses, 2006; 66:681.

Plymouth Pharmaceuticals [1 screen]. Available at: http://www.plymouthpharmaceuticals.com/html/home.htm (accessed Sept 3, 2007).

Flyvholm MA , Nielsen GD , Andersen A . Nickel content of food and estimation of dietary intake. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch, 1984; 179:427-31.

van Hoogstraten IM , Andersen KE , Von Blomberg BM , et al. Reduced frequency of nickel allergy upon oral nickel contact at an early age. Clin Exp Immunol, 1991; 85:441-5.

van Hoogstraten IM , von Blomberg BM , Boden D , et al. Effects of oral exposure to nickel or chromium on cutaneous sensitization. Curr Probl Dermatol, 1991; 20:237-41.

White JM , Goon AT , Jowsey IR , et al. Oral tolerance to contact allergens: a common occurrence? A review. Contact Dermatitis, 2007; 56:247-54.

van Hoogstraten IM , Boos C , Boden D , et al. Oral induction of tolerance to nickel sensitization in mice. J Invest Dermatol, 1993; 101:26-31.

van Hoogstraten IM , de Groot J , Boden D , et al. Development of a concomitant nickel and chromium sensitization model in the guinea pig. Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 1992; 97:258-66.

Jensen CS , Lisby S , Baadsgaard O , et al. Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals. Contact Dermatitis, 2003; 48:300-4.

de Silva BD , Doherty VR . Nickel allergy from orthodontic appliances. Contact Dermatitis, 2000; 42:102-3.

Beattie PE , Green C , Lowe G , Lewis-Jones MS . Which children should we patch test?. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2007; 32:6-11.

Wöhrl S , Hemmer W , Focke M , et al. Patch testing in children, adults, and the elderly: influence of age and sex on sensitization patterns. Pediatr Dermatol, 2003; 20:119-23.

Roul S , Ducombs G , Taieb A . Usefulness of the European standard series for patch testing in children. A 3-year single-centre study of 337 patients. Contact Dermatitis, 1999; 40:232-5.

Duarte I , Lazzarini R , Kobata CM . Contact dermatitis in adolescents. Am J Contact Dermat, 2003; 14:200-2.

Clayton TH , Wilkinson SM , Rawcliffe C , et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: should pattern of dermatitis determine referral? A retrospective study of 500 children tested between 1995 and 2004 in one U.K. centre. Br J Dermatol, 2006; 154:114-7.

Zug KA , McGinley-Smith DE , Belsito DV , et al. Pediatric contact dermatitis, The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) experience 2001-2004 [abstract]. Dermatitis, 2007; 18:106.

Bruckner AL , Weston WL , Morelli JG . Does sensitization to contact allergens begin in infancy?. Pediatrics, 2000; 105:e3.

Kütting B , Brehler R , Traupe H . Allergic contact dermatitis in children: strategies of prevention and risk management. Eur J Dermatol, 2004; 14:80-5.

Gollhausen R , Ring J . Allergy to coined money: nickel contact dermatitis in cashiers. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1991; 25:365-9.

Liden C , Rondell E , Skare L , Nalbanti A . Nickel release from tools on the Swedish market. Contact Dermatitis, 1998; 39:127-31.

van Ketel WG , Bruynzeel DP . Allergic contact dermatitis from nickel in eyeshadow. Contact Dermatitis, 1989; 21:355.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics and Colors. Hypoallergenic cosmetics. 1994; [1 screen]. Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/∽dms/cos-224.html (accessed September 4, 2007).