FagerbergJ., “A Technology Gap Approach to Why Growth Rates Differ,”Research Policy, 16/2–4 (1987); FagerbergJ., “International Competitiveness,”Economic Journal, 98/391 (1988).
2.
OECD, Research and Development in the Business Enterprise Sector, 1963–1979, Basic Statistical Indicators, Volume D, (Paris: OECD, 1983); OECD, Recent Results: Selected Science and Technology Indicators, 1979–1984 (Paris: OECD, 1984).
3.
PavittK.PatelP., “The International Distribution of Determinants of Technological Activities,”Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 4/4 (1988): 1–21.
4.
MoweryD., Industrial Research and Firm Size, Survival and Growth in American Manufacturing, 1921–1946: An Assessment,”Journal of Economic History, 43 (1983).
5.
SchumpeterJ.A., Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1950).
6.
FreemanC., “Schumpeter's ‘Business Cycles’ Revisited,” paper prepared for Schumpeter Society Conference, Siena, 1988.
7.
von HippelE., The Sources of Innovation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988); SchererF., “Inter-Industry Technology Flows in the United States,”Research Policy, 11 (1982).
8.
PavittK.RobsonM.TownsendJ., “Technological Accumulation, Diversification and Organization in UK Companies, 1945–1983,”Management Science, 35/1 (1989).
9.
TeeceD., “Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy,”Research Policy, 15 (1986).
10.
PavittPatel, op. cit.
11.
PatelP.PavittK., “Is Western Europe Losing the Technological Race?”Research Policy, 16/2–4 (1987): 59/85.
12.
SharpM., “Corporate Strategies and Collaboration—The Case of ESPRIT and European Electronics,” in DodgsonM., ed., Technology Strategy and the Firm: Management and Public Policy (New York, NY: Longman, 1989).
13.
PettigrewA., The Management of Strategic Change (New York, NY: Blackwell, 1987).
14.
FreemanC., The Economics of Industrial Innovation (London: Penguin, 1974).
15.
DodgsonM., “Introduction: Technology in a Strategic Perspective,” in DodgsonM., ed., Technology Strategy and the Firm: Management and Public Policy (New York, NY: Longman, 1989).
16.
PrattenC., A Comparison of the Performance of Swedish and UK Companies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976); PraisS., “Educating for Productivity: Comparisons of Japanese and English Schooling and Vocational Preparation,”National Institute Economic Review, 119 (1987).
17.
AllenT., Managing the Flow of Technology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977).
18.
HowellsJ., “The Location and Organization of Research and Development: New Horizons,”Research Policy (forthcoming).
19.
TushmanM.AndersonP., “Technological Discontinuities and Organization Environments, in Pettigrew, op. cit.
20.
PavittK.RobsonM.TownsendJ., “A Fresh Look at the Size Distribution of Innovating Firms,” in ArcangeliF., eds., Frontiers of Innovation Diffusion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming).
21.
Mowery, op. cit.
22.
PavittK., “‘Chips’ and ‘Trajectories’: How Does the Semiconductor Influence the Sources and Directions of Technical Change?” in MacLeodR., ed., Technology and the Human Prospect (London: Pinter, 1986), pp. 31–54.
23.
BarrasR., “Towards a Theory of Innovation in Services,”Research Policy, 15 (1986).
24.
KatzB.PhillipsA., “Government, Technological Opportunities and the Emergence of the Computer Industry,” in GierschH., ed., Emerging Technologies: Consequences for Economic Growth, Structural Change and Employment (Tubingen: Mohr, 1982).
25.
RothwellR., “The Characteristics of Successful Innovators and Technically Progressive Firms,”R&D Management, 7 (1977).
26.
PerezC., “Structural Change and Assimilation of New Technologies in the Economic and Social Systems,”Futures, 15/4 (1983): 357–375.
27.
Barras, op. cit.
28.
ThomasG.MilesI., “Strategic Options for New Telecommunications Services,” in DodgsonM., ed., op. cit.