Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change

Solow R. Dertouzos M. Lester R. , Made in Ameica (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).

See Tushman M.L. Newman W. Romanelli E. , “Convergence and Upheaval: Managing the Unsteady Pace of Organizational Evolution,” California Management Review, 29/1 (Fall 1986):29–44.

E.g., Imai K. Nonaka I. Takeuchi H. , “Managing the New Product Development Process: How Japanese Companies Learn and Unlearn,” in Clark K. Hayes R. , The Uneasy Alliance (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985).

E.g., Pettigrew A. , The Awakening Giant: Continuity and Change at ICI (London: Blackwell, 1985); Kimberly J.R. Quinn R.E. , New Futures: The Challenge of Managing Corporate Transitions (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1984); Allaire Y. Firsirotu M. , “How to Implement Radical Strategies in Large Organizations,” Sloan Management Review (Winter 1985).

E.g., Gabbaro J. , The Dynamics of Taking Charge (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1987); Greiner L. Bhambri A. , “New CEO Intervention and Dynamics of Deliberate Strategic Change,” Strategic Management Journal, 10 (1989): 67–86; Tichy N.M. Devanna M.A. , The Transformational Leader (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1986); Hambrick D. , “The Top Management Team: Key to Strategic Success,” California Management Review, 30/1 (Fall 1987):88–108.

Kobayashi Y. , “Quality Control in Japan: The Case of Fuji Xerox,” Japanese Economic Studies (Spring 1983).

Jacobson G. Hillkirk J. , Xerox: American Samurai (New York, NY: Macmillan, 1986).

For SAS, see Carlzon J. , Moments of Truth (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987); for ICI, see Pettigrew , op. cit.; for NCR, see Rosenbloom R. , From Gears to Chips: The Transformation of NCR in the Digital Era (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988); for Honda, see Nonaka I. , “Creating Organizational Order Out of Chaos: Self-Renewal in Japanese Firms,” California Management Review, 30/3 (Spring 1988):57–73.

Gabbaro , op. cit.; Levinson H. Rosenthal S. , CEO: Corporate Leadership in Action (New York, NY: Basic Books, 1984); Greiner Bhambri , op. cit.

Tushman , op. cit.; Greenwood R. Hinings C. , “Organization Design Types, Tracks, and the Dynamics of Strategic Change,” Organization Studies, 9/3 (1988):293–316; Miller D. Friesen P. , Organizations: A Quantum View (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984).

Nadler D.A. Tushman M.L. , “Organizational Framebending: Principles for Managing Re-orientation,” Academy of Management Executive, 3 (1989): 194–202.

For a more detailed discussion of this framework, see Nadler and Tushman, ibid.

Tushman , op. cit.; Greiner Bhambri , op. cit.; Greenwood Hinings , op. cit.; Virany B. Tushman M.L. , “Changing Characteristics of Executive Teams in and Emerging Industry,” Journal of Business Venturing, 1 (1986):261–274; Tushman M.L. Romanelli E. , “Organizational Evolution: A Metamorphosis Model of Convergence and Re-orientation,” in Staw B.M. Cummings L.L. , eds., Research in Organizational Behavior, 5 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1985), pp.171–222.

March J. Sproull L. Tamuz M. , “Learning from Fragments of Experience,” Organization Science (in press).

Beckhard R. Harris R. , Organizational Transitions (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977).

See Vancil R. , Passing the Baton (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1987).

Burns J.M. , Leadership (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1978); Bennis W. Nanus B. , Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1985); Tichy N.M. Ulrich D. , “The Leadership Challenge: A Call for the Transformational Leader,” Sloan Management Review (Fall 1984); Tichy Devanna , op. cit.

Berlew D.E. , “Leadership and Organizational Excitement,” in Kolb D. A. Rubin I.M. McIntyre J.M. , eds., Organizational Psychology (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974); House R.J. , “A 1976 Theory of Charismatic Leadership,” in Hunt J.G. Larson L.L. , eds., Leadership: The Cutting Edge (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1977); Levinson Rosenthal , op. cit.; Bass B.M. , Performance Beyond Expectations (New York, NY: Free Press, 1985); House R. , “Personality and Charisma in the U.S. Presidency,” Wharton Working Paper, 1989.

Hambrick , op. cit.; Ancona D. Nadler D. , “Teamwork at the Top: Creating High Performing Executive Teams,” Sloan Management Review (in press).

Vroom V.H. , Work and Motivation (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1964); Campbell J.P. Dunnette M.D. Lawler E.E. Weick K. , Managerial Behavior, Performances, and Effectiveness (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1970).

House R.J. , “Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 16 (1971):321–338; Oldham G.R. , “The Motivational Strategies Used by Supervisors: Relationships to Effectiveness Indicators,” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 15 (1976):66–86.

See Hambrick , op. cit.

Lawler E.E. Rhode J.G. , Information and Control in Organizations (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear, 1976).

Jacobson Hillkirk , op. cit.

Gabbaro , op. cit.; Peters T.J. , “Symbols, Patterns, and Settings: An Optimistic Case for Getting Things Done,” Organizational Dynamics (Autumn 1978).

House R.J. , “Exchange and Charismatic Theories of Leadership,” in Reber G. , ed., Encyclopedia of Leadership (Stuttgart: C.E. Poeschel-Verlag, 1987).

de Vries M. Kets Miller D. , “Neurotic Style and Organization Pathology,” Strategic Management Journal (1984).

Levinson Rosenthal , op. cit.

Hambrick , op. cit.

Kidder T. , Soul of the New Machine (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1981).

These are discussed in Nadler and Tushman, op cit.

Hambrick , op. cit.

Louis M. Sutton R. , Switching Cognitive Gears (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987).

O'Reilly C. Caldwell D. Barnett W. , “Work Group Demography, Social Integration, and Turnover,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 34 (1989):21–37.

Hambrick , op. cit.; Virany Tushman , op. cit.

See Ancona D. , “Top Management Teams: Preparing for the Revolution,” in Carroll J. , ed., Social Psychology in Business Organizations (New York, NY: Erlbaum Associates, in press).

Louis Sutton , op. cit.

March , op. cit.

See also Gersick C. , “Time and Transition in Work Teams,” Academy of Management Journal, 31 (1988):9–41; Ancona Nadler , op. cit.

See Vancil , op. cit.

Tichy N. , “GE's Crotonville: A Staging Ground for Corporate Revolution,” Academy of Management Executive, 3 (1989):99–106.

E.g., Gabbaro , op. cit.; Pucik V. , “International Management of Human Resources,” in Fombrun C. , Strategic Human Resource Management (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1984).

Pucik , op. cit.

Devanna M. Fombrun C. Tichy N. , “A Framework for Strategic Human Resource Management,” in Fombrun C. , Strategic Human Resource Management (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1984).

Hambrick , op. cit.

Tichy , op. cit.