Metropolitan Transit Authority, Submission to the MTA Capital Review Board, New York, September 25, 1981, pp. I-2 to I-5.
2.
“Japan Subsidizes New York Car Order,”Railway Age, March 29, 1982.
3.
“MTA Warned of Penalty in Hiring a Foreign Builder,”New York Times, May 18, 1982.
4.
“Row Over Kawasaki Subway Car Deal,”Financial Times, London, England, March 19, 1982.
5.
Bombardier's success was described by one of its officials as the result of “hard work and horse trading.” See “Hard work, horse trading, land Bombardier deal,”The Montreal Gazette, May 22, 1982.
6.
“Reagan Bars U.S. Aid to Budd on Subway Cars,”New York Times, July 14, 1982.
7.
“U.S. to Probe Subway Deal,”Globe and Mail, Toronto, August 4, 1982.
8.
“Subway Subsidy Set at 167 225$ Per Car,”The Montreal Gazette, November 23, 1982.
9.
“U.S. Calls Ruling That Canada Subsidized Sale of Subway Cars a ‘Warning’ to Others,”Wall Street Journal, February 7, 1983.
10.
“Canada May Face U.S. Proceedings on Subway Car Sale,”Wall Street Journal, May 26, 1982.
11.
“U.S. Charges Canada on M.T.A. Pact,”New York Times, June 12, 1982.
12.
“U.S. Treasury Lets Bombardier Win,”Railway Gazette International, August 1982, p. 611.
13.
Stephen Berger, Chairman of the MTA's finance committee, called Budd's threat to sue the MTA “a colossal act of chutzpah” (see “Budd Co. Seeks to Bar Canadian Subway Car Deal,”New York Times, May 22, 1982).
14.
“Supplier of Cars Drops Its Efforts Against MTA,”The New York Times, February 10, 1983.
15.
“U.S. Ready to Fight Foreign Export Credits,”Industry Week, June 14, 1982.
16.
President Reagan's Address to the Commonwealth Club, San Francisco, March 4, 1983.
17.
“Répliquer aux Américains,”Le Nouvel Economiste, Paris, July 19, 1982, p. 36.
18.
“Bravo Bombardier,”Le Devoir, Montreal, July 15, 1982.
19.
“Buy America,”Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 235, Washington, D.C., December 6, 1978, p. 57145 ss; Congressional Record—House, December 21, 1982, p. H10792 ss.
20.
“Rail Car Dispute Against MTA Ended by Union,”New York Times, February 11, 1983.
21.
Department of Commerce, Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination: Railcars from Canada, Washington, D.C., February 4, 1983. The total duty of U.S. $90,882 million added 13.8% to the contract price. It was reviewable annually, and therefore could be increased.
22.
For a full review of the hypotheses retained by Commerce, see ibid., pp. 16–21. The calculations are based on assumptions about present and future equivalent market conditions and reference dates which have been variously questioned by the contenders.
23.
Commerce did send elaborate questionnaires to Bombardier. The company complied. But many government officials and politicians in Canada and in Quebec expressed a deep concern about the procedure.
