The Arab Boycott

Kaikati Jack G. , “Doing Business in Iran: The Fastest Growing Import Market Between Europe and Japan,” Atlantic Economic Review (September-October 1976), pp. 15–22.

Kaikati Jack G. , “The Marketing Environment in Saudi Arabia,” Akron Business and Economic Review (Summer 1976), pp. 5–13.

The League of Arab States consists of Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen Arab Republic, and Yemen's People's Democratic Republic.

Weigand Robert E. , “The Arab League Boycott of Israel,” MSU Business Topics (Spring 1968), p. 75.

Boutros-Ghali B. Y. , “The Arab League: Ten Years of Struggle,” International Conciliation (May 1954), p. 421.

Schirman Shalom , “The History of the Arab Boycott, 1921–1975,” Middle East Review (Winter 1975–1976), p. 40.

Boutros-Ghali , op. cit.

Patterson Gardner , “Israel's Economic Problems,” Foreign Affairs (January 1954), p. 321.

Ellis Harry B. , Israel and the Middle East (New York: Ronald Press Co., 1957), p. 162.

Steiner Harry J. , “International Boycotts and Domestic Order: American Involvement in the Arab Israeli Conflict,” Texas Law Journal (November 1976), pp. 1355–1410.

General Union of Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture from Arab Countries, The Arab Boycott of Israel: Its Grounds and Regulations (Summary of the rules of the boycott in the form of an undated letter from President Abdel Aziz H. al Sager), reprinted in Hearings on Contempt Proceedings Against Secretary of Commerce, Rogers C. B. Morton, Before the Subcomm. On Oversight and Investigations of the House Comm. on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 94th Congress, 1st session (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975), pp. 146–49.

Muir J. Dapray , “The Boycott in International Law,” The Journal of International Law and Economics (1974), pp. 187–204; Boorman James A. III, “Economic Coercion in International Law: The Arab Oil Weapon and Ensuing Juridical Issues,” The Journal of International Law and Economics (1974), pp. 205–212; and Steiner , op. cit.

“The Arab Boycott of Israel,” Business International (24 January 1964), p. 1.

“The Persistent Arab Boycott,” Business International (4 March 1966), p. 72.

Business Week (23 August 1969), p. 80.

Directory of Boycotted Foreign Companies and Establishments, submitted for the record in Discriminatory Arab Pressure on U.S. Business: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on International Trade and Commerce of the Committee on International Trade and Commerce of the Committee on International Relations, 94th Congress, 1st session (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976), pp. 147–215.

Firmes Et Niveres Boycottes Pour Traffic Avec Israel, submitted for the record in Extension of the Export Administration Act of 1969: Hearings Before the Committee on International Relations, 94th Congress, 2nd session (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976), pp. 78–125.

Grassmuch G. Salibi K. , Reformed Administration in Lebanon (1970), p. 75.

Foreign Boycotts and Domestic and Foreign Investment Improved Disclosure Acts of 1975: A Report of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976), pp. 5–6.

“Arabs Blacklist Some Jewish Banks,” Business Week (17 February 1975), pp. 26–27, and “Broad Dimensions of the Arab Blacklist,” Business Week (24 February 1975), pp. 25–26.

An interview with Mohamed Mahgoub, “Arab Boycott Office Sets Out Position on Foreign Banks,” Financial Times (17 February 1975), reveals that the following banks are blacklisted: Warburg S. G. (Britain) and all its subsidiaries; London and Colonial Bank (Britain); Banque Beige Centrale (Belgium); National Provincial and Rothschild (London) Ltd. (Britain); Bank Max Fisher (Belgium); Kredit Bank Hagen (West Germany); Lazard Freres (U.S.); American Bank and Trust (U.S.); Discount Bank (Overseas) of Switzerland, International Credit Bank (Switzerland); Bank Fur Gemeinwirtschaft (West Germany); La Societe Bancaire et Financiere de Paris (France); and all Rothschild banks, in Britain, France, Switzerland, and the U.S.

The Arab Boycott and American Business: Report by the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 94th Congress, 2nd session (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976).

“Blacklist Uproar Hits the Engineers,” Business Week (17 March 1975), pp. 23–24.

“The Antitrusters Aim Overseas,” Business Week (14 March 1977), pp. 102.

For example, refer to: Phillip Areeda, “Remarks on the Arab Boycott,” Texas Law Review (November 1976), pp. 1433–1437; Kestenbaum Lisnel , “The Antitrust Challenge to the Arab Boycott: Per Se Theory, Middle East Politics,” and “United States v. Bechtel Corporation,” Texas Law Review (November 1976), pp. 1411–1431; Michigan Law Review (March 1976), pp. 759–819; Schwartz Louis B. , “The Arab Boycott and American Responses: Antitrust Law or Executive Discretion,” Texas Law Review (August 1976), pp. 1260–1287.

Stern Sol , “On and Off the Arabs' List,” The New Republic (27 March 1976), pp. 7–8.

Guzzardi Walter Jr. , “That Curious Barrier on the Arab Frontiers,” Fortune (July 1975), pp. 85, 168.

Vicker Ray , “Mideast Blacklist: How Arab Countries Are Trying to Punish Firms Helping Israel,” Wall Street Journal (25 June 1976), pp. 1, 19.

Arab Boycott and American Business (see ref. 22).

Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Services, General Services Administration, 3 March 1975), p. 218.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Export Administration Report (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, April-September 1975), Appendix, pp. 85–97.

Foreign Investment and Arab Boycott Legislation: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on International Finance, 94th Congress, 1st session (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975), pp. 159–175.

Ibid., p. 166.

Kissinger Henry , “American Resolve and the Security of Israel,” The Department of State Bulletin (7 June 1976), p. 725.

For example, see S. 425, 94th Congress, 1st Session (1975) (the Foreign Investment Act of 1975, introduced by Senator Williams); S. 3084, 94th Congress, 2nd Session (1976) (Foreign Boycotts Acts of 1976, introduced by Senators Stevenson and Williams); H. R. 5913, 94th Congress, 1st Session (1975) (the Foreign Discriminatory Commercial Practices Act of 1975, introduced by Representative Drinan); H. R. 5246, 94th Congress, 1st Session (1975) (the Holtzman bill, concentrating on the problems of religious discrimination); H.R. 11463, 94th Congress, 2nd Session (1976) (the Koch bill, concentrating on the tertiary boycott, reporting, disclosure and other aspects); H. R. 13151, 94th Congress, 2nd Session (1976) (the Koch-Scheuer bill outlaws the secondary boycott as well as the tertiary boycott); and H. R. 15377, 94th Congress, 2nd Session (1976) (the Bingham-Rosenthal bill flatly prohibits compliance “on any grounds and in any way” with the boycott).

Kaikati Jack G. , “The Phenomenon of International Bribery,” Business Horizons (February 1977), pp. 25–37.

“Saudis Deny Embargo Threat, But Congress Backs Off Bill,” The Oil and Gas Journal (4 October 1976), p. 68.

Kessler Felix , “Knuckling Under,” The New Republic (8 March 1975).

“Arab Boycott: Rally Round Which Flag?” The Economist (12 February 1977), pp. 103–104.

“Japanese Firms Misread Arab Boycott Terms,” Business International (17 May 1968), p. 155.

Dworkin Susan , “The Japanese and the Arab Boycott,” Near East Report (October 1968), p. 12.