Political Risk in the Gulf: The Impact of the Iran-Iraq War on Governments and Multinational Corporations

Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1984 (Washington, D.C.: Department of Energy, 1985), p. 211.

Amirsodeghi Hussein , ed., The Security of the Persian Gulf (New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1981), p. ix.

Clarke Robert P. Jr. , Development and Instability (New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1974), p. 79.

Ibid., p. 80.

Eisenstadt S.N. , Modernization: Protest and Change (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966), p. 7.

Cordesman Anthony H. , The Gulf and the Search for Strategic Stability: Saudi Arabia, the Military Balance in the Gulf, and Trends in the Arab-Israeli Military Balance (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1984), p. 725.

Kassicieh Suleiman K. Nassar Jamal R. , “Revolution and War in the Persian Gulf: The Effect on MNCs,” California Management Review, Vol. XXVI, No. 1 (Fall 1983): 92.

Ismael Tareq Y. , The Iran-Iraq War (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1982), p. 2.

Haim Sylvia , Arab Nationalism: An Anthology (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1964), p. 235.

Farah Elyas , Evolution of Arab Revolutionary Ideology (Madrid: Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party, 1978), p. 124.

Ibid., p. 147.

Khomeini Ayatollah , Sayings of the Ayatollah Khomeini (New York, NY: Bantam Books, 1980), p. 5.

Ibid., p. 29.

Ibid.

Quoted in Ismael , op. tit, p. 35.

Permanent Mission to the United Nations, Islamic Republic of Iran, The Fourth Year of the Islamic Republic, distributed by the Muslim Student Association, 1984, p. 1.

Stoessinger John G. , Why Nations Go To War, 3rd edition, (New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1982), p. 198.

Wilber Donald N. , Iran: Past and Present (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981), p. 333.

Ismael , op. tit, p. 40.

Cordesman Anthony H. , op. tit, pp. 645–648.

Ibid., p. 642.

Al-Nahar (Beirut), December 26, 1981.

Kassicieh S. K. Nassar J. R. , “Political Risk and the Multinational Corporation: A Study of the Impact of the Iranian Revolution on Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates”, Management International Review, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Fall 1982): 31.

The Christian Science Monitor, December 25, 1981.

Anthony John Duke , “The Persian Gulf in Regional and International Politics: The Arab Side of the Gulf”, in Amirsadeghi Hossein , ed., op. tit, p. 188.

The Christian Science Monitor, November 19, 1982.

Ibid.

Reported in Al-Jazirah (Riyadh), November 19, 1981.

Cordesman Anthony H. , op. tit., p. 587.

Ibid., p. 588.

Ibid., p. 584.

Ali Al-Ebraheem Hassan , Kuwait and the Gulf (Washington, DC: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, 1984), p. 97.

Cordesman Anthony H. , op. tit, p. 569.

Ibid., p. 578.

Ibid., p. 581.

Cottrell Alvin J. , ed., The Persian Gulf States: A General Survey (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980), p. 159.

Sharabi Hisham , Governments and Politics in the Middle East in the Twentieth Century (London: Van Nostrand Co., 1952), p. 237.

Huntington Samuel P. , Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968), p. 265.

See, for example, Nassar Jamal R. , “The Saudi Republic of the 1980's,” International Review of History and Political Science, Vol. XVIII, No. 3 (August 1981): 52–65.

MidEast Report, Vol. 13, No. 2 (January 15, 1980): 7.

Ibid.

Cordesman Anthony H. , op. cit., p. 596.

Ibid., p. 605.

Ibid.

International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics (Washington, DC: IMF, 1976–1984).

Predicasts Inc., F&S International Annual Index (Cleveland, OH: Predicasts, 1976–1984).

Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1984 (Washington, D. C.: Department of Energy, 1985), p. 221.

Ibid., p. 95; Dow-Jones , The Wall Street Journal Index (New York, NY: Dow-Jones, 1976–1984).

Kassicieh S. K. Nassar J. R. , “Statistical Analysis of Political Risk: The Case of the Gulf Council Countriues,” unpublished manuscript.

IMF, International Financial Statistics, June 1984, pp. 372–3, 452–53, 344–45.

The industrial Studies and Development Center, A Guide to Industrial Investment in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh: ISDC, 1977).

Ibid., pp. 35–9.

The Wall Street Journal, July 9, 1980, p. 1.