Countertrade,Offsets,Barter,and Buybacks

Cited in Business Marketing (January 1984); Forbes, March 12, 1984, p. 41.

Forbes, op. cit, p. 42.

Business Week, July 19, 1982; GE Trade in Countertrade, March 19, 1984.

See Banks Gary , in World Economy, A Quarterly Journal on International Economic Affairs (June 1983). Mr. Banks is preparing the GATT briefing book on countertrade policy. See also, International Management, (August 1984), p. 25.

Welt Leo G. B. , Trade Without Money: Barter and Countertrade (New York, NY: 1984) provides careful and elaborate definitions and examples of each kind of barter and countertrade. Gary Banks, op. cit., provides brief, but clear definitions.

Countertrade, Vol. II, No. 15.

McDonnel-Douglas in Finance and Development, published by IMF, January 1984.

Caterpillar in Yoffie David , “Profiting from Countertrade,” Harvard Business Review (May/June 1984), p. 8.

Forbes, March 12, 1984, p. 42.

Speech to World Trade Institute Conference on Countertrade, in Countertrade, Vol. II, No. 12.

Ibid.

Ibid., Vol. II, No. 5

See Maynard Cathleen , Indonesia's Countertrade Experience, American-Indonesian Chamber of Commerce, November 1983; see also, Countertrade, January 9, 1984.

Countertrade, November 21, 1983.

Speech by Gerhardt Vogt, Director, Centrobank, Vienna, in Countertrade, January 9, 1984.

For a discussion of the theoretical background see Borrus Tyson Zysman , “Creating Advantage,” Export-Import Bank, 1984.

Data from Scott Bruce Professor , American Competitiveness: Problems, Causes, and Implications, paper presented at Harvard Business School, 75th Anniversary Colloquim, 1984. (In print, Harvard University Press.)

Market shares from Pierre Andrew J. , The Global Politics of Arms Sales, Princeton, 1982, p. 81.

Wall Street Journal, January 4, 1985.

Zysman John Cohen Stephen S. , “Double or Nothing,” Foreign Affairs (Summer 1983).

See hearings on Countertrade and Offset Arrangements, House Banking Committee, Sub-Committee on Economic Stabilization, May 1984; and hearings before House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower…for HR 3544.

See Banks , op. cit.

Ibid.

See Financial Times, October 25, 1984.

See Countertrade, November 21, 1983, on Mexico; May 16, 1983, and October 24, 1983, on Indonesia; September 12, 1983, on Malaysia.

United States Central Intelligence Agency, Handbook of Economic Statistics, September 1983, table 69.

Ibid.

See Business Marketing, January 1984.

Ibid.

See Zysman Cohen , op. cit., for Brazilian petroleum discussion.

Business Marketing, op. cit.

See speech by Barber Ed , Trade Finance Foreign Affairs Officer at the Treasury to Institute of International Trade and Development, October 1983; see HR 3544 and S 1683, “The Barter Promotion Act.”

See Countertrade, February 20, 1984.

Ibid., August 1983.