U.S. Joint Ventures in China: Motivation and Management of Political Risk

See, for example, Cohen Jerome Alan , “Equity Joint Ventures,” The China Business Review (November/December 1982), pp. 23–30; Brehm Carolyn L. , “Flex Trade,” The China Business Review (September/October 1983), pp. 16–20; Horsley Jamie P. , “Business Registration in China,” The China Business Review (March/April 1984), pp. 24–35; and Ruggles Rudy L. Jr. , “The Environment for American Business Ventures in the People's Republic of China,” The Columbia Journal of World Business (Winter 1983), pp. 67–73.

The number of references to operating experiences in China is too numerous to list in entirety. One of the most extensive coverages on a case-by-case situation appeared in Business China in issues from September 14, 1983 to February 15, 1984.

Ruggles , op. cit, p. 73.

Wu F.W. , “The Political Risk of Foreign Direct Investment in Post-Mao China: A Preliminary Assessment,” Management International Review, Vol. 22, 1 (1982): 13–25.

For a discussion of Chinese government policies during 1949–1957 see Thompson Thomas N. , China's Nationalization of Foreign Firms: The Politics of Hostage Capitalism, 1949–57 (Baltimore, MD: School of Law, University of Baltimore, 1979).

“Joint Equity Ventures in China,” The China Business Review (September/October 1983), pp. 21–25.

There were actually 19 U.S. firms identified as having established Chinese joint ventures deuring the period in Ibid., however, fairly exhaustive searches failed to uncover addresses for the following four: MIS Company, C.W. Communications, E-S Pacific Development and Construction, and Amaee Holding.

United Nations, 1950 Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, p. 167.

Kwitny Jonathan quoting a Monsanto executive in “U.S. Concerns Export Mainland-Bound Goods as Embargo Loosens,” The Wall Street Journal, March 11, 1971, p. 1.

IMF, Direction of Trade Statistics (1983), pp. 397–99, gave 1982 figures.

Fung Lawrence , China Trade Handbook (Hong Kong: The Adsale People, 1980), pp. 207–208.

See, for example, “Trends & Issues,” The China Business Review (September/October 1983), p. 5.

For a good discussion of changes in Chinese imports by product, see Weil Martin , “U.S. Export Outlook,” The China Business Review (September/October 1983), pp. 6–8.

See, for example, Aharoni Yair , The Foreign Investment Decision Process (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966); Schollhammer Hans , Locational Strategies of Multinational Firms (Los Angeles, CA: Center for International Business, 1974); and Kobrin Stephen , “The Assessment and Evaluation of Noneconomic Environments by American Firms: A Preliminary Report,” Journal of International Business Studies (Spring/Summer 1980), pp. 32–47.

Blank Stephen , Assessing the Political Environment: An Emerging Function in International Companies (New York, NY: The Conference Board, 1980).