Fit,Failure and the Hall of Fame

Miles Raymond E. Snow Charles C. , Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978).

Chandler Alfred D. Jr. , Strategy and Structure (New York: Doubleday, 1962).

Burns Tom Stalker G. M. , The Management of Innovation (London: Tavistock, 1961).

Lawrence Paul R. Lorsch Jay W. , Organization and Environment (Boston: Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, 1967).

Porter Michael E. , Competitive Strategy (New York: Free Press, 1980).

Hannan Michael T. Freeman John H. , “The Population Ecology of Organizations,” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 82 (March 1977): 929–964; and Aldrich Howard E. , Organizations and Environments (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979).

Snow Charles C. Hrebiniak Lawrence G. , “Strategy, Distinctive Competence, and Organizational Performance,” Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 25 (June 1980): 317–336.

Miles Robert H. , Coffin Nails and Corporate Strategies (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980)

The description of Chrysler Corporation was adapted from James Brian Quinn, Chrysler Corporation, copyrighted case, The Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, Dartmouth College, 1977.

Drucker Peter F. , The Practice of Management (New York: Harper & Row, 1954).

Peters Thomas J. Waterman Robert H. , In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best Run Companies (New York: Free Press, 1983), Chapter 3.

The description of Carnegie Steel was adapted from Lawrence Paul R. Dyer Davis , Renewing American Industry (New York: Free Press, 1983), Chapter 3.

The description of General Motors was adapted from Chandler, op. cit., Chapter 3.

The description of Sears, Roebuck was adapted from Chandler, op. cit., Chapter 5; and from Drucker, op. cit. Chapter 4.

The description of IBM was adapted from “The Colossus That Works,” Time, July 11, 1983, pp. 44–54.

“Can John Young Redesign Hewlett-Packard?” Business Week, December 6, 1982, pp. 72–78.

For a complete discussion of these conditions, see Toffler Alvin , The Third Wave (New York: Bantam Books, 1981); and Naisbitt John , Megatrends (New York: Warner Books, 1982).