Beyond EOE and Affirmative Action

In this article I frequently use the terms “minority group member” and “minority employees.” However, the ideas in this article were formulated from the experiences of black Americans, and are perhaps most relevant to this group. While the manager-employee relationship is emphasized in this article, many of the assumptions and the behavior have relevance to other relationships between mmoriny and white persons—such as contractor/subcontractor.

Goode K.G. , “Query: Can the Atro-American be an Effective Executive?” California Management Review, Vol. 13 (1970), pp. 22–26: Nason R. W. , “The Dilemma of Black Mobility in Management,” in Ford D. L. Jr. (ed.), Readings in Minority-Group Relations (La Jolla, California: University Associates, Inc., 1976), pp. 297–314: Jones E. W. Jr. “What It's Like to Be a Black Manager,” Harvard Business Review (July–August, 1973), pp. 108–116.

Fernandez J. P. , Black Managers in White Corporations (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1975).

Triandis H. C. Malpass R. S. , “Studies of Black and White Interaction in Job Settings,” in Ford (ed.), op. cit., pp. 240–256.

Jones , op. cit.

Johnson T. , “Black Americans: Acceptance—Yes, But Not the Belonging,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer (12 June 1976), pp. 1B–2B.

King D.C. Bass B.M. , “Leadership, Power and Influence,” in Fromkin H. L. Sherwood J.J. (eds.), Integrating the Organization (New York: The Free Press, 1974), pp. 247–268.

Sayles L. R. Strauss G. , Managing Human Resources (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977); Purcell T. V. Cavanagh G. V. , Blacks in the Industrial World (New York: The Free Press, 1972).

Taylor D. A. , “Should We Integrate Organizations?” in Fromkin Sherwood (eds.), op. cit., pp. 340–361.

Author unknown, “I am Racist,” reading from an unknown source (no date).

Ford D. L. Jr. , “Cultural Influences on Organizational Behavior,” Social Change, Vol. 8, No. 1 (1978).

See Edgar Schien's article. “Organizational Socialization and the Profession of Management,” in Kolb D. A. Rubin I.M. McIntyre J.M. (eds.). Readings in Organization Psychology (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prepuce-Hall, 1974). Note especially the distinction he makes between pivotal and peripheral organizational norms and requirements, and the importance to organizations of behavioral diversity as well as conformity.

Taylor , op. cit.

Jones , op. cit.: Goode, op. cit.

Fromkin H.L. , “A Social Psychological Analysis of Organizational Integration,” in Fromkin Sherwood (eds.), op. cit., pp. 1–54.

“The Black MBA: The Vanguard Generation Moves Up,” MBA (January 1976).

Kanter R. M. , “Tokenism: Opportunity or Trap?” MBA (January 1978), pp. 15–21.

Jones , op. cit.

Andrews K. R. , “Can the Best Corporations be Made Moral?” Harward Business Review (May-June 1973), pp. 57–64.