Public Consequences of Private Action: The Marketing of Infant Formula in Less Developed Countries

Ledogar Robert J. , U.S. Food and Drug Multinationals in Latin America: Hungry for Profits (New York: IDOC, North America, Inc., 1975), p. 128.

Dwyer Johanna T. , “The Demise of Breast Feeding: Sales, Sloth, or Society?” in Priorities In Child Nutrition, report prepared for the UNICEF Executive Board under the direction of Dr. Jean Mayer (E/ICEF/L. 1328, March 28, 1975), vol. II, pp. 332–339.

Ledogar , op. cit., pp. 133–134.

Ibid.

Ibid., p. 142.

Lappé Frances M. McCallie Eleanor , “Infant Formula Promotion and Use in the Philippines: An Informal, On-Site Report,” Institute for Food and Development Policy (San Francisco, California, July 1977). Lappé is the author of the new book Food First.

James V. G. , “Household Expenditures on Food and Drink by Income Groups,” paper presented at seminar on Natural Food and Nutrition Policy, Kingston, Jamaica, 1974.

The American Druggist (May 4, 1970).

This has been acknowledged by industry executives and was a key point in a U.S. antitrust action brought by Baker Laboratories against Abbott (Ross) and Bristol-Myers in 1972.

Post James E. , “The Infant Formula Industry: Strategy, Structure, and Performance,” Working Paper, Management and Public Policy Research Program, Boston University, 1977.

The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding, 2nd ed. (Franklin Park, Ill.: La Leche League International, 1963), p. 54.

“Baby Food Tragedy,” New Internationalist, p. 10; Muller Mike , The Baby Killer: War on Want, 2nd ed. (May 1975), p. 10.

Bristol-Myers Co., “The Infant Formula Marketing Practices,” p. 13.

For a further elaboration, discussion and application of this model, see Sethi S. Prakash , “Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance: An Analytical Framework for Measurement and Evaluation,” California Management Review (Spring 1975), pp. 58–64; and Sethi S. Prakash , “An Analytical Framework for Making Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Business Responses to Social Pressures,” in Preston Lee E. (ed.), Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy (Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1978), in press.

“The Baby Food Controversy,” The New Internationalist, p. 10.

Muller , op. cit.

“Baby Bottles Banned in New Guinea,” The Dallas Morning News (November 3, 1977), p. 8-C.

See Post James E. , testimony in Marketing and Promotion of Infant Formula in the Developing Nations, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, 95th Congress, Second Session, 23 May 1978, pp. 116–125.