The New Equality: Bureaucracy's Trojan Horse

Bell Daniel , The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (New York: Basic Books, 1973), p. 425.

“Egalitarianism,” Business Week (December 1, 8, 15, 1975).

Bell Daniel , op. cit., pp. 408–455; Kirstol Irving , “Taxes, Poverty and Equality,” The Public Interest (Fall 1974), pp. 3–28; Nisbet Robert A. , Twilight of Authority (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), Chap. 4.

Gans Herbert J. , More Equality (New York: Vintage Books, 1974), Chap. 2.

Rawls John , A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1971).

Ibid., p. 356; see Rousseau J.J. , The Social Contract, Book I, Chap. 6.

See comments by Berlin Isaiah , Four Essays on Liberty (New York: Oxford University Press, 1969), especially Essays 3 and 4, and, of course, the classics: Maine Henry de Tocqueville Stephens James Fitzjames , among others.

Potter David M. , Freedom and Its Limitations in American Life, ed. Fehrenbacher Don E. (Stanford, Ca.: Stanford University Press, 1976), p. 28.

Nisbet Robert A. , op. cit., p. 199.

de Tocqueville Alexis , Democracy in America, trans. Reeve Henry , rev. Bowen Francis Bradley Phillips (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953), vol. II, p. 302. See also Business Week (1 December 1975), p. 62; Nisbet Robert A. , “The New Despotism, Commentary, June, 1975, p. 31; Okun Arthur M. , Equality and Efficiency (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1975).

Hughes Jonathan , Social Control in the Colonial Economy (Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1976), and The Governmental Habit: Economic Control from Colonial Times to the Present (New York: Basic Books, 1976).

Firestone Shulamith , The Dialectic of Sex (New York: Basic Books, 1971).

Nisbet Robert A. , op. cit. at Note 3, p. 202.

Ibid.

Gans , op. cit., p. 8.

Walzer Michael , “In Defense of Equality,” Dissent (Fall 1973); Kristol Irving , “About Equality,” Commentary (November 1972).

Gans , op. cit., Ch. 8; see on this point: Okun , op. cit., p. 11.

See Weisskopf Walter A. , Alienation and Economics (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1971), chap. 6; and Jencks Christopher , Inequality (New York: Basic Books, 1972), pp. 259–265.

Rawls , op. cit., p. 107; for an amusing treatment, see Young Michael , The Rise of Meritocracy (New York: Penguin Books, 1961).

Boulding Kenneth E. , A Primer on Social Dynamics (New York: The Free Press, 1970), chap. 1 and chap. 7.

Ansoff H. Igor , “Managing Strategic Surprise by Response to Weak Signals,” California Management Review (Winter 1975), pp. 21–33.

Blake Judith , “Can We Believe Recent Data on Birth Expectations in the United States?” Demography (February 1974), pp. 25–44.

Craig Gordon , “Political History” Daedalus (Spring 1971), pp. 323–338; Le Goff Jacques , “Is Politics Still the Backbone of History?” Daedalus (Winter 1971), pp. 1–19.

See Nisbet Robert A. , “The Pursuit of Equality,” The Public Interest (Spring 1974), p. 103 at 110–114. For use of the “original position,” see Rawls , op. cit., chaps. I and III, and Rousseau's Second Discourse.

Okun , op. cit., p. 2.

Wilensky Harold L. , The Welfare State and Equality (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975), p. 6.

Drucker Peter F. , The Unseen Revolution (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), p. 188; see in greater detail on this point: Darlington C. D. , The Evolution of Man and Society (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969), especially chap. 23.

An incomplete tally reveals 85 reviews in a little more than three years.

Business Week (7 March 1977), p. 90.

Pub. L. No. 455, 94th Cong. (October 4, 1976). Estate and Gift Taxes, Sect. 2001–2010.

Nisbet , Twilight of Authority, op. cit.

Business Week, (15 December 1975), p. 87.

Firestone , op. cit. at note 15.

Miller Trudi , “Toward the Use of Articulate Statistics,” an unpublished paper, National Science Foundation, Research Applied to National Needs, 1976.

Hoadley Walter E. , speech delivered at Commonwealth Club, San Francisco, January 7, 1977; see McGuire Joseph W. , “The ‘New’ Egalitarianism and Managerial Practice,” California Management Review (Spring 1977).

Nozick Robert , Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974), p. 163; see also Kristol Irving , “When Virtue Loses All her Loveliness,” The Public Interest (Fall 1970), p. 3, and “On Corporate Capitalism in America,” The Public Interest (Fall 1975), p. 124.

Hoadley , op. cit.; The Wall Street Journal (1 March 1977), p. 20, col. 1.

Freeman S. David , Energy, The New Era (New York: Walker and Company, 1974).

The Wall Street Journal (17 February 1977), p. 12, col. 2.

Business Week (14 March 1977), p. 82.

Jencks , op. cit., at note 21, chap. 9.

Ibid., p. 263.

Gasset Ortega y , Revolt of the Masses, anon. trans. (New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1932), p. 60.

de Tocqueville , op. cit., at note 13, vol. 2, p. 312; see also Hirsch Fred , Social Limits to Growth (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976).

Weidenbaum Murray L. , Government-Mandated Price Increases: A Neglected Aspect of Inflation (Washington, D.C., American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1975).

Rabinowitz Dorothy , “The Bias in the Government's Anti-Bias Agency,” Fortune (December 1976), p. 138.

Ehrbar A. F. , “A Radical Prescription for Medical Care,” Fortune (February 1977), p. 166; see also Marmor Theodor R. , “Rethinking National Health Insurance,” The Public Interest (Winter 1977), p. 73.

Steiner Gilbert Y. , “Reform Follows Reality: The Growth of Welfare,” in Public Interest (Winter 1977), p. 47; Moynihan Daniel P. , “Equalizing Education: In Whose Benefit?” in Public Interest (Fall 1972), p. 69.

See Browning Edgar K. , Redistribution and the Welfare System (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1975).

White E.B. , Letters of E.B. White (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), p. 223.

Rawls , op. cit., is a good example.

Scheler Max , Ressentiment (New York: Free Press, 1961), p. 50.

53. Sigmund Freud.

Freud Sigmund , Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, trans. Strachey J. (New York: Liveright Pub. Corp., 1949), pp. 86–88.

Johnson Harry G. , “Some Micro-Economic Reflections on Income and Wealth Inequalities,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September 1973), p. 54.

See, for example, Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corporation, 45 Law Week Law Week 4073 (1977).

The Jarvis-Gann Initiative Constitutional Amendment (a property tax limitation proposal), on the California primary ballot in June 1978, appears to be a part of this backlash but, if approved by the voters, will probably result in a decrease of local autonomy and a shift of power to the state.

Burke Edmund , Reflections on the Revolution in France (New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1955).