Teaching Managers to Do Policy Analysis

Mintzberg Henry , The Nature of Managerial Work (New York: Harper and Row, 1973).

See Ackoff Russell L. , Redesigning the Future (New York: Wiley, 1974), for a detailed but readable explication of the differences.

Mitroff I. I. Betz F. Pondy L. Sagasti F. , “Managing Science in the Systems Age,” Interfaces (1974), pp. 46–58.

Mintzberg , op. cit.

Ackoff , op. cit.; Churchman C. West , Challenge to Reason (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972); Churchman C. West , The Systems Approach (New York: Delacorte, 1968); Rittel Horst Weber M. M. , “Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,” Policy Sciences (1973), pp. 155–169; Vickers G. , The Art of Judgement (New York: Basic Books, 1965).

For a detailed exposition of this process, see Mitroff I. I. Kilmann R. H. , “Stories Managers Tell: A New Tool for Organizational Problem Solving,” Management Review (July 1975), pp. 18–28; see also McKenney J. L. Keen P. G. W. , “How Managers' Minds Work,” Harvard Business Review (May-June 1974), pp. 79–90.

See Mason R. O. , “A Dialectical Approach to Strategic Planning,” Management Science (April 1968), pp. B403–B-414.

Mitroff I. I. Featheringham T. R. , “On Systemic Problem Solving and the Error of the Third Kind,” Behavioral Science (November 1974), pp. 383–393.

Hawkens D. I. Cocanougher A. B. , “Student Evaluations of the Ethics of Marketing Practices: The Role of Marketing Education,” Journal of Marketing (1972), pp. 61–64.

For a more complete report, see Mitroff I. I. Kilmann R. H. Smethers D. A. Buchholtz R. , “Corporate Bribes: Their Necessity, Desirability, and Usefulness—A Dialectical Policy Analysis,” Working Paper, Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, 1976.