Essentially, prime sponsors are defined as a state, a unit of local government with a population of 100,000 or more, or a combination (consortium) of local government units totaling 100,000 or more. See Public Law 93–203, 93rd Congress, S. 1559, December 28, 1973, p. 3.
2.
See LevitanSar A.TaggartRobert, Social Experimentation and Manpower Policy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971), pp. 47–51; MyersCharles A., The Role of the Private Sector in Manpower Development (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971), pp. 24–42; and JangerAllen R., Employing the Disadvantaged: A Company Perspective (New York: The Conference Board, 1972).
3.
Committee for Economic Development, Training and Jobs for the Urban Poor (New York: Committee for Economic Development, 1969), pp. 35–38. Also see BorusMichael E.TashWilliam R., Measuring the Impact of Manpower Programs: A Primer (Ann Arbor: Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, University of Michigan-Wayne State University, 1970), pp. 7–50.
4.
FermanLouis A., Job Development for the Hard-to-Employ (Ann Arbor: Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, University of Michigan-Wayne State University, 1969).
5.
FreidlanderFrankGreenbergStuart, “Effect of Job Attitudes, Training, and Organization Climate on the Performance of the Hard Core Unemployed,”Journal of Applied Psychology (August 1971), pp. 287–295.
6.
LipskyDavid B.DrotningJohn E.FottlerMyron D., “Some Correlates of Trainee Success in a Coupled On-the-Job Training Program,”Quarterly Review of Economics and Business (Summer 1971), pp. 41–61.
7.
FottlerMyron D., “Employer Size and Success in Manpower Training Programs for the Disadvantaged: A Dual Labor Market Analysis,”Relations Industrielles: Industrial Relations (December 1974), pp. 685–708.
8.
LipskyDavid B., “Employer Role in Hard Core Trainee Success,”Industrial Relations (May 1973), pp. 125–136.
9.
LewisMorgan V.CohnElchanan, “Recruiting and Retaining Participants in a Manpower Program,”Industrial and Labor Relations Review (January 1973), pp. 842–850.
10.
DrotningJohn E., “Worker Attitudes Toward Black Hard-Core Trainees,”Journal of Economics and Business (Fall 1972), pp. 26–31; and FriedlanderGreenberg, op. cit.
11.
GoodmanPaul S., “Hiring, Training, and Retaining the Hard-Core,”Industrial Relations (October 1969), pp. 54–66.
12.
GoodmanPaul S., “Hiring, Training, and Retaining the Hard-Core Unemployed,”Journal of Applied Psychology (August 1973), pp. 23–33.
13.
BeachDale S., Personnel: The Management of People at Work (New York: Macmillan, 1970), p. 288.
14.
DrotningJohn E.LipskyDavid B.FottlerMyron D., Jobs, Education and Training: Research on a Project Combining Literacy and On-the-Job Training for the Disadvantaged (Office of Manpower Research, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Contract No. 41-9-002-34, NTIS-PB211181, April, 1972), Chapter 9; Goodman, op. cit.; StearnsJackie P., “New Approaches to Meet Post-Hiring Difficulties of Disadvantaged Workers,”Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Winter Meetings of the Industrial Relations Research Association (Madison, Wisconsin: I.R.R.A., 1969), pp. 207–216; Janger, op. cit.; and ZimanyRoland D., “A Better Program for Employing Minorities: Ways of Improving Company Efforts,”Business Horizons (December 1970), pp. 65–72.
15.
See HodsonJames D.BrennerMarshall H., “Successful Experience: Training the Hard-Core Unemployed,”Harvard Business Review (September-October 1968), pp. 148–156.
16.
DrennanWilliam D., ed., The Fourth Strike: Hiring and Training the Disadvantaged (New York: American Management Association, 1970), p. 25.
17.
See KochJames L., “Employing the disadvantaged: Lessons From the Past Decade,”California Management Review (Fall 1974), pp. 68–77;
18.
See TappJune L.RobertsArthur H., “Hard-Core Unemployed,”Transaction (September 1970), pp. 48–49.
19.
See HodsonBrenner, op. cit., p. 151.
20.
BullockPaul, Youth in the Labor Market: Employment Patterns and Career Aspirations in Watts and East Los Angeles (Los Angeles: UCLA Institute of Industrial Relations, 1972).
21.
See U.S. President, Manpower Report of the President (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971), p. 302.
22.
For a detailed discussion see U.S. Department of Labor, Manpower Administration, Program Assessment Guide for Prime Sponsors Under the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of. 1973 (April 1974); and BorusTash, op. cit.
23.
See National League of Cities—U.S. Conference of Mayors, Focus on Manpower Planning: Monitoring and Evaluation (December 1973).