Management Development in Ethnocentric Multinational Corporations

For an analysis of previous findings and a description of methodology, see Harari Ehud Zeira Yoram , “Moral Problems in Non-American Multinational Corporations in the U.S.,” Management International Review (November-December 1974); and Zeira Yoram Harari Ehud Izraeli Dafna , “Structural and Cultural Factors of Ethnocentric Multinational Corporations and Employee Morale,” Journal of Management Studies (February 1975).

Perlmutter Howard V. , “The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation,” Columbia Journal of World Business (January-February 1969). Also see Robinson Richard D. , International Business Management (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973), Chapter 8; and Franko Lawrence G. , “Who Manages the Multinational Enterprises?” Columbia Journal of World Business (Summer 1973).

Sirota David Greenwood J. Michael , “Understanding Your Overseas Work Force,” Harvard Business Review (January-February 1971).

Leontiades James , “The Uprooted European Manager in America,” European Business (Winter 1973).

Famularo Joseph J. (ed.), Handbook of. Modern Personnel Administration (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), Part 12; Schollhammer Hans , “The Compensation of International Executives,” in Kapoor K. Grub P. D. (eds.), The Multinational Enterprise in Transition (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972); and Bivens K. Greene J. , Compensation of Overseas Managers (New York: National Industrial Conference Board, 1969).

Richman Barry M. Copen Melvyn R. , International Management and Economic Development (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), Chapter 7; Aitken Thomas , The Multinational Man (London: Allen & Unwin, 1973), Chapter 9; Behrman Jack N. , Rational Interests and the Multinational Enterprise (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970); Stopford John M. Wells Louis T. Jr. , Managing the Multinational Enterprise: Organization of the Firm and Ownership of Subsidiaries (New York: Basic Books, 1972); and Robock Stephen H. , “The Case for Home Country Controls over Multinational Firms,” Columbia Journal of World Business (Summer 1974), pp. 75–79.

Sirota David , in “The Multinational Corporation: Management Myths” (Personnel (January-February 1972), p. 37), states that in every case he studied “where a foreign managed subsidiary was experiencing serious difficulties, the problems stemmed not from nationality differences but rather from administrative or technical incompetence of the manager)” Robinson Richard D. concludes his comprehensive analysis of this issue by saying that “the selection, preparation and promotion of international managerial personnel hardly seems to be the best”; International Business Management (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973), p. 291. Similar conclusions were reached by Teague F. A. , “International Management Selection and Development,” California Management Review (spring 1970); Ivancevich John M. , “Predeparture Training for Overseas,” Training and Development Journal (February 1969); and Richman Barry M. Copen Melvyn R. , International Management and Economic development (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), Chapter 14.

McNulty Nancy G. , Training Managers: The International Guide (New York: Harper & Row, 1969).

Zeira Yoram , “Is External Management Training Effective for Organizational Change?” Public Personnel Management (November-December 1973); Livingston J. Sterling , “Myth of the Well Educated Manager,” Harvard Business Review (January-February 1971).

Bass Bernard M. Thiagarajan K. M. , “Preparing Managers for Work in Other Countries,” Journal of European Training (Summer 1972).

Hughes Charles L. Flowers Vincent S. , “Shaping Personnel Strategies to Disparate Value Systems,” Personnel (March-April 1973).

Goldston Eli , “Executive Sabbaticals: About to Take Off?” Harvard Business Review (September-October 1973).

Odiorne George S. , Training by Objectives (New York: Macmillan, 1970); Warren M. W. , Training for Results: A System Approach to the Development of Human Resources in Industry (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1969).

Fleishman E. A. , “Leadership Climate, Human Relations Training and Supervisory Behavior,” Personnel Psychology (Summer 1953); Sykes A. J. M. , “The Effect of a Supervisory Training Course on Supervisors' Perceptions and Expectations of the Role of Management,” Human Relations (August 1962).

Zeira Yoram , “Sequential Evaluation of Management Development,” Business Horizons (April 1974).

Stolz R. K. , “Executive Development: New Perspective,” Harvard Business Review (May-June 1966); Bowen Charles P. Jr. , “Let's Put Realism into Management Development,” Harvard Business Review (July-August 1973).

Mahoney T. A. , Building the Executive Team (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961), Chapter 9; Mahler W. R. , “Coaching,” in Craig R. L. Bittel L. R. (eds.), Training and Development Handbook (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967).

A similar approach to the integration of expatriates back into their home organization is recommended by Noer David M. , “Integrating Foreign Service Employees to Home Organization: The Godfather Approach,” Personnel Journal (January 1974).

Zeira Yoram , “Job Rotation for Management Development,” Personnel (July-August 1974).