Are Strike Ballots Necessary?

See Select Committee in Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field, U.S. Senate, 85th Cong., 1st Sess., 1957. Also Hutchinson John , “Corruption in American Trade Unions,” Political Quarterly, 28, No. 3 (July–Sept. 1957).

See White Paper on proposals for action following Report of Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers Associations, 1965–1968 (The Donovan Report Cmnd. 3623 (HMSO, 1968) and Report of Royal Commission Inquiry into Labour Disputes (The Rand Report), (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1968). Also, Proposals to Deal with National Emergency Strikes, (Washington, D. C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1969). Also, for less recent views see Proceedings and Reports of Public Inquiry in Labour Relations and Wage Conditions, Ottawa, 1943–44; Report of Committee on Industrial Relations to House of Commons, Aug. 17, 1946 and Hearings before House Standing Committee on Industrial Relations, June and July 1947; Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence on Bill No. 195 (The Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act) April 1948; and Hearings on Proposed Revisions of the Labor-Management Relations Act, 1947. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, U.S. Senate, 83rd Cong., 2d Sess. Part 6, 1954.

House Document 291, 83rd U.S. Cong., 2d Sess.

Report of Royal Commission. p. 114.

Industrial Disputes Investigation Act, 1907, Statutes of Canada, Ch. 20 as amended by Ch. 14, 1925.

Data furnished by the Department of Labour, Ottawa.

War Labor Disputes Act, 1943. U.S. Stat. 163, Ch. 144. For an authoritative work on U.S. experience with strike voting see Parnes H. S. , Union Strike Votes: Current Practice and Proposed Controls (Res. report Ser. No. 92). (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Dept. of Economics and Sociology, 1956.) I have drawn liberally on the methodology and research of Parnes' publication.

National Labor Relations Board, Eleventh Annual Report, 1946, Appendix B. p. 91.

The Alberta Labour Act, R.S.A. 1955, Ch. 167, Sec. 94. For a detailed analysis of strike voting in Alberta and British Columbia, see Anton F. R. , Government Supervised Strike Voting (Toronto: C.C.H. Canadian Ltd., 1961).

Information supplied by members of the Board of Industrial Relations.

Compiled from Annual Bulletins and Records of Alberta Board of Industrial Relations.

Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1937, Statutes of B.C., Ch. 31, Sec. 44.

Statutes of B.C. 1947, Ch. 44.

The Labour Gazette, Vol. XLVIII (May 1948), p. 453 and (Aug. 1948), p. 880; also the Vancouver Daily Province, (Feb. 28, March 4, 12, 17 and April 2, 1947).

Labour Mediation Act, Stats. of Michigan, 939, Act No. 176 as amended by Act No. 230 (1949) and Act No 86 (1954).

Whitney F. , Government and Collective Bargaining (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1951), p. 529. Also Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, First Annual Report, 1948, p. 57.

See testimony of Maclean M. M. , Assistant Deputy Minister of Labour, Ottawa, at Public Inquiry into Labour Relations and Wage Conditions in Canada. Proceedings and Reports (Ottawa, 1943–1944), p. 85.

Strikes and Lockouts in Canada, Dept. of Labour (Ottawa, 1952–1968).

“Strike Control Provisions in Union Constitutions,” Monthly Labor Review, 77 (May 1954), 497–500. Also, “Unions' Strike Vote Provisions,” and “Strike Authorization Procedures,” Management Record (May 1954), 186 and (Nov. 1954), 429, respectively.

See Knowles K.G.J.C. , Strikes: A Study in Industrial Conflict (Oxford: Blackwell, 1954), p. 121.

See Monthly Labor Review, 498 and Management Record, 431.

Allen V. L. , Power in Trade Unions (London: Longmans Green, 1954), pp. 158–164.

See Whitney , p. 529, also Parnes , pp. 140–141.

“The employer's notion that most workers are against strikes that take place and are wheedled, fooled, swindled or orated into them by professional agitators, is a pathetic illusion.” Dr. Eugene Forsey, 28th Annual Meeting, Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Victoria, 1957.

See testimony of Archibald Cox, Walter Reuther, and George Meany at Hearings on Proposed Revisions of the Labor-Management Relations Act, pp. 3394, 3051, and 3590, respectively. For an important analogue to this issue of eligibility to vote see also Otto Kahn-Freund, “Industrial Disputes and Compulsory Arbitration,” The Listener (Dec. 27, 1956), 1058–1059.