Divestment and Disinvestment from South Africa: A Reappraisal

Hume E. , “Furor on South Africa Makes Firms Question Value of Staying There,” Wall Street Journal, March 11, 1985; Leape J. Baskin B. Underhill S. , Business in the Shadow of Apartheid (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1985).

Coons Christopher , “Divestment Steamroller Seeks to Bury Apartheid,” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 90–95.

Kneale Dennis , “Xerox, Finally Succumbing to Pressure, Says It Will Sell South African Unit,” Wall Street Journal, March 20, 1987.

Leape Baskin Underhill , op. cit.

“Is There Life After Sanctions?” The Economist, July 26, 1986, p. 34.

Savage M. , “The Cost of Apartheid,” Inaugural address at the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, August 17, 1986.

Nickel Herman , “Will Sanctions Harm the Oppressed or the Oppressor?” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 82–86.

Wall Street Journal editorial quoted by Kinsley Michael , “A No-Sanctions Policy Lets Oppression Reign,” Wall Street Journal, August 7, 1986, p. 21.

de Villiers Les Maries Jan Wiehahn Nick , Doing Business With South Africa (New York, NY: Business International, 1986).

Suzman Helen , “The Folly of Economic Sanctions,” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 87.

Smith Lee , “South Africa: Time to Stay—Or Go?” Fortune, August 4, 1986, pp. 46–48; Wolpe Howard , “The Double Standard of American Foreign Policy,” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 12–16; Race Relations Survey, Institute of Race Relations, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1985.

Sethi S. Prakash , “South Africa Beyond Apartheid: Reformation of the Institutions and Instruments of Change—The Carrot and the Stick Approach,” SR 86–02, Center for Management Development and Organization Research, Baruch College, The City University of New York, 1986.

Race Relations Survey, op. cit.

Orkin M. , Divestment, The Struggle and the Future (Johannesburg, South Africa: Raven Press, 1986).

Kneale Dennis , “IBM to Pull Out of South Africa; Other U.S. Firms Weighing Move,” Wall Street Journal, October 22, 1986.

Smith Lee , op. cit., p. 47.

Fraser Malcolm , Mission to South Africa: The Commonwealth Report (Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1987); Thurow Roger , “Law that Underpins South Africa Apartheid Is as Powerful as Ever,” Wall Street Journal, March 11, 1987; Moodley Kogila , “The Legitimation Crisis of the South African State,” The Journal of Modern African Studies. 24/2 (1986): 187–201; Becker Gary S. , “Pretoria's Part in the Black Economic Struggle,” Business Week, November 3, 1986, p. 16; The Free South Africa Movement, in Cobb Jean , Common Cause Magazine (May/June 1985), pp. 34–35; de St. Jorre John , “South Africa Embattled,” Foreign Affairs, 65/3 (1986): 538–563.

Lijphart Arend Stanton Diane R. , “A Democratic Blueprint for South Africa,” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 29.

Kneale , op. cit.

“Ignoring Sullivan,” Financial Mail, May 3, 1985.

Kneale Dennis , “U.S. Firms Operating in South Africa Debate Whether to Stay or Go,” Wall Street Journal, July 11, 1986.

Paul Karen , “The Inadequacy of Sullivan Reporting,” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 62.

Sethi , op. cit., p. 37.

Kinsley , op. cit.

Kneale , July 11, 1986, op. cit.

Landsberg H. , “How Dependent Is U.S. on Strategic Minerals?” Wall Street Journal, August 16, 1986; Singer Max , “How Dependent Is U.S. on Strategic Minerals?” Wall Street Journal, August 14, 1986; “South Africa ‘Girding for Siege,”’ U.S. News & World Report, August 11, 1986, p. 28.

Walters Ronald , “Beyond Sanctions: A Comprehensive U.S. Policy for Southern Africa,” World Policy Journal, 4/1 (Winter 1986–87).

Orkin , op. cit.

Koenderman T. , “Black Attitudes Towards Free Enterprise,” Directors and Boards, 4 (1984): 22–25.

Hufbauer G. Schott J. Elliott K. , Economic Sanctions Reconsidered (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Economic Studies, 1985).

Carte D. , “SA Can't Afford to Cock a Snook at the World,” Business Times, August 12, 1986; Brimelow Peter , “Why South Africa Shrugs at Sanctions,” Forbes, March 9, 1987.

Kibble Steve Bush Ray , “Reform of Apartheid and Continued Destabilization in Southern Africa,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, 24/2 (1986): 203–227.

Brimelow , op. cit.

The Economist, op. cit., p. 36.

Sethi , op. cit., p. 26.

Train John , “Please Do Not Feed the Vultures,” Wall Street Journal, June 4, 1985; Brimelow , op. cit.

Kneale , October 22, 1986, op. cit.

Hazlett Thomas W. , “Sanctions: Hurting South Africa, Helping Apartheid?” San Francisco Chronicle, March 4, 1987.

Hufbauer Schott Elliott , op. cit.; Brimelow , op. cit.

Business Week, March 3, 1986.

Coons , op. cit.

Sethi , op. cit.

O'Brien Conor Cruise , “What Can Become of South Africa?” The Atlantic Monthly (March 1986), pp. 41–68.

Mufson Steve , “With No Place to Go, Beleaguered Afrikaaner Dig In for Long Fight,” Wall Street Journal, July 11, 1985; O'Brien , op. cit.; Sparks A. , The Star, May 14, 1984.

O'Brien , op. cit.; Adam Heribert Moodley Kogila , South Africa Without Apartheid: Dismantling Racial Domination (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986).

Lescaze Lee , “South Africa Churches Are Increasingly Split By the Apartheid Issue,” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 1986.

John C. Barratt A. , “Can External Leverage Pressure South Africa?” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 69.

Adam Moodley , op. cit.

Clough Michael , “Beyond Constructive Engagement,” Foreign Policy, 61/22 (Winter 1985–86).

Suzman , op. cit., p. 88.

“Emergency Regulations,” The Argus, June 2, 1986.

Berman J. Kane , “City Blacks: Human Resources,” Leadership SA (1984–85), pp. 78–80.

Kneale , October 22, 1986, op. cit.

Hochschild Adam , “Green is Detained. Yellow is Missing. Red is Confirmed Dead. An Eyewitness Report from South Africa,” Mother Jones (September 1986), p. 20.

Nickel , op. cit., p. 84.

Shriver Donald W. Jr. , “South Africa and a Symbol's Strength,” Wall Street Journal, July 8, 1985.

Falvey Jack , “Follow the Leader,” Inc. (July 1986), pp. 93–95; Peters Tom Austin Nancy , A Passion for Excellence (New York, NY: Random House, 1985).

Ibid.

“Troubled South Africa,” editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle, July 28, 1986.

July 1986 London Times survey quoted in Brotz Howard , “Bring ANC Out of the Closet,” Wall Street Journal, August 26, 1986.

Schlemmer L. , “Black Worker Attitudes: Political Options, Capitalism and Investment in South Africa,” Document and Memorandum series of the Centre for Applied Social Sciences at the University of Natal (September 1984).

Tutu Desmond , “A Plea for International Sanctions,” Business and Society Review, 57 (Spring 1986): 67.

Schlemmer , op. cit.

De Kock C. , “Volwasse Swartes in die Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaaldriehoekgebied se persepsies van economieses boitkotte teen Suid-Afrika: 'n vergelyking van drie opnames se gegewens,” Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, August 1985.

Orkin , op. cit.

Barayi E. , “Elijay Barayi,” Leadership SA, 5 (1985): 81–82.

Kneale , July 11, 1986, op. cit.

In an earlier paper, we noted that doing business in South Africa is incredibly complex because the country is actually a microcosm of worldwide social and political thought. Harari Oren Beaty David T. , “Africanizing the South African MBA: A Way of Avoiding Self-Selusion,” South African Journal of Business Management, 17 (March 1986): 17–23.