This study examined the relationship between IQ, achievement, social behavior as rated by peers, and peer status of 9- to 12-year-old learning disabled (LD) and non-learning disabled (NLD) children. A composite positive and negative nomination sociometric procedure and a social behavior nomination scale were employed. LD children were less likely to be popular and more likely to be rejected and neglected than NLD children. Achievement and IQ were not meaningful predictors of peer status in LD children. LD children were less likely to be viewed as cooperative, leaders, and comic than NLD children. They were also more likely to receive more nominations on the sociometric instrument if they were seen as aggressive, disruptive, or dependent. Although peer status was stable in the NLD group when assessed in December and June, LD children's peer acceptance decreased in the latter assessment.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AsherS.DodgeK. (1986). Identifying children who are rejected by their peers. Developmental Psychology, 22, 444–449.
2.
BryanT. (1974). Peer popularity of learning disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 7, 621–625.
3.
BryanT. (1976). Peer popularity of learning disabled children: A replication. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9, 307–311.
4.
Canadian Achievement Test. (1982). Toronto, Canada: McGraw Hill Ryerson.
5.
CobenS.ZigmondN. (1986). The social integration of learning disabled students from self-contained to mainstream elementary school settings. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19, 614–618.
6.
CoieJ. D.DodgeK.CoppotelliH. (1982). Dimensions for types of social status: A cross-age perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 557–570.
7.
CoieJ. D.KupersmidtJ. (1983). A behavioural analysis of emerging social status in boys' groups. Child Development, 54, 1400–1416.
8.
CowenE. L.PedersonA.BibigianH.IzzoL. D.TrostM. A. (1973). Long-term follow-up of early detected vulnerable children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 438–446.
9.
DodgeK. A. (1983). Behavioral antecedents of peer social status. Child Development, 54, 1386–1399.
10.
FormanE. (1987). Peer relationship of learning disabled children: A contextualist perspective. Learning Disabilities Research, 2, 80–90.
11.
FrenchD. C.WaasG. E. (1985). Behavior problems of peer rejected and neglected elementary age children: Teacher and parent perspectives. Child Development, 56, 246–252.
12.
GoyetteG. H.ConnersC. K.UlrichR. F. (1978). Normative data on the revised Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 6, 221–236.
13.
GreshamF. M.ReschlyD. J. (1986). Social skill deficits and low peer acceptance of mainstreamed learning disabled children. Learning Disability Quarterly, 9, 23–32.
14.
HartupW. W. (1970). Peer interaction and social organization. In MussenP.H. (Ed.), Carmichael's manual of child psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 361–456). New York: Wiley.
15.
HartupW. W. (1983). Peer relations. In HeatheringtonE. M. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (Vol. 4): Socialization, personality and social development (pp. 103–196). New York: Wiley.
16.
HorowitzE. (1981). Popularity, decentering ability, and role-taking skills in learning disabled and normal children. Learning Disability Quarterly, 4, 23–30.
17.
HoyleS. G.SeraficaF.C. (1988). Peer status of children with and without learning disabilities: A multimethod study. Learning Disability Quarterly, 11 (4), 322–332.
18.
JastakJ. F.JastakS. (1984). Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised. Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates Inc.
19.
KistnerJ. A.GatlinD. (1989). Correlates of peer rejection among children with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 12, 133–140.
20.
OzolsE. J.RourkeB. P. (1985). Dimensions of social sensitivity in two types of learning disabled children. In RourkeB. P. (Ed.), Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis (pp. 281–301). New York: Guilford Press.
21.
PerlmutterB. F.CrockerJ.CordrayD.GarsteckiD. (1983). Sociometric status and related personality characteristics of mainstreamed learning disabled adolescents. Learning Disability Quarterly, 6, 20–30.
22.
RoffM.SellsS.GoldenM. (1972). Social adjustment and personality development in children. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
23.
SattlerJ. (1988). Assessment of children (third edition). San Diego: Jerome M. Sattler, Publisher.
24.
SiegelL. S. (1986). Phonological deficits in children with a reading disability. Canadian Journal of Special Education, 2, 45–54.
25.
SiegelL. S.HeavenR. K. (1986). Defining and categorizing learning disabilities. In CeciS. (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive, social and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities (Vol. 1, pp. 95–122). New York: Academic Press.
26.
SiegelL. S.RyanE. B. (1988). Development of grammatical sensitivity, phonological and short term memory skills in normally achieving and learning disabled children. Developmental Psychology, 24, 28–37.
27.
SipersteinG.BoppM. J.BakJ. J. (1978). Social status of learning disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 11, 98–102.
28.
StoneW. L.La GrecaA. M. (in press). The social status of children with learning disabilities: A reexamination. Journal of Learning Disabilities.
29.
StrangJ. D.RourkeB. P. (1985). Adaptive behavior of children with specific arithmetic disabilities and associated neuropsychological abilities and deficits. In RourkeB. P. (Ed.), Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis (pp. 167–183). New York: Guilford Press.
30.
WechslerD. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
31.
WienerJ. (1980). A theoretical model of the acquisition of peer relationships of learning disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 13, 506–511.
32.
WienerJ. (1987). Peer status of learning disabled children and adolescents: A review of the literature. Learning Disabilities Research, 2, 62–79.
33.
WoodcockR. W. (1973). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service, Inc.
