Tenure seems to be essential for sustaining intellectual dissent—a foundationstone of both science and democracy. In order to grasp the significance of tenure and of academic freedom we need a fuller understanding of the sociological foundations of freedom. This freedom rests on the objective possibility of criticizing authority relations and of creating alternative courses of action. We also find that freedom and dissent are central for facing up to large and powerful organizations in modern society and for resolving social issues through scientific investigation.
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