Spotting the Myths about Spotted Owls Claims of Causality,Burdens of Proof,and the “Cause” of Rain in Seattle

Aberdeen Daily World. 1980. “Memories of a Company Town.” November 30, pp. 4, 17.

Block F. 1987. Revising State Theory: Essays in Politics and Postindustrialism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Brown B.A. 1995. In Timber Country: Working People's Stories of Environmental Conflict and Urban Flight. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Burningham K. Cooper G. 1997. “Misconstructing Constructivism: A Defence of Social Constructionist Approaches to Environmental Problems.” Paper presented at the International Sociological Association Workshop on Sociological Theory and the Environment, Woudschoten Conference Center, Zeist, Netherlands, March.

Buttel F.H. Hawkins A. P. Power A. G. 1990. “From Limits to Growth to Global Change.” Global Environmental Change 1: 57–66.

Buttel F.H. Taylor P. J. 1992. “Environmental Sociology and Global Environmental Change: A Critical Assessment.” Society and Natural Resources 5 (3): 211–30.

Carroll M.S. 1995. Community and the Northwestern Logger: Continuity and Change in the Era of the Spotted Owl. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Carroll M.S. McKetta C.W. Blatner K. A. Schallau C. 1999. “A Response to ‘Forty Years of Spotted Owls? A Longitudinal Analysis of Logging Industry Job Losses.’” Sociological Perspectives 42 (2): 325–33.

Catton B. 1976. Michigan: A Bicentennial History. New York: Norton.

Cronon W. 1991. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton.

Draper E. 1991. Risky Business: Genetic Testing and Exclusionary Practices in the Hazardous Workplace. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Dunk T. 1994. “Talking about Trees: Environment and Society in Forest Workers' Culture.” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 31 (1): 14–34.

Edelman M. 1964. The Symbolic Uses of Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Foucault M. 1977. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–77. New York: Pantheon.

Freudenburg W.R. 1991. “A ‘Good Business Climate’ as Bad Economic News?” Society and Natural Resources 3: 313–31.

Freudenburg W.R. 1997a. “The Crude and the Refined: Sociology, Obscurity, Language, and Oil.” Sociological Spectrum 17 (1): 1–28.

Freudenburg W.R. 1997b. “The Double Diversion: Toward a Socially Structured Theory of Resources and Discourses.” Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Toronto, Ontario, August.

Freudenburg W.R. Felin M. S. 1998. “Deconstructing a Dominant Paradigm: Terra Nullius and the Nature of the Naturalized in Historical Perspective.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August.

Freudenburg W.R. Frickel S. 1994. “Digging Deeper: Mining-dependent Communities in Historical Perspective.” Rural Sociology 59 (2): 266–88.

Freudenburg W.R. Frickel S. Dwyer R. 1998. “Diversity and Diversion: Higher Superstition and the Dangers of Insularity in Science and Technology Studies.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 18 (5–6): 6–34.

Freudenburg W.R. Gramling R. 1993. “Socioeconomic Factors and Development Policy: Understanding Opposition and Support for Offshore Oil.” Sociological Forum 8, no. 3 (September): 341–64.

Freudenburg W.R. 1994a. “Natural Resources and Rural Poverty: A Closer Look.” Society and Natural Resources 7, no. 1 (February): 5–22.

Freudenburg W.R. 1994b. Oil in Troubled Waters: Perceptions, Politics, and the Battle over Offshore Oil. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Freudenburg W.R. 1998. “Linked to What? Economic Linkages in an Extractive Economy.” Society and Natural Resources 11: 569–86.

Freudenburg W.R. Pastor S. K. 1992. “Public Responses to Technological Risks: Toward a Sociological Perspective.” Sociological Quarterly 33, no. 3 (August): 389–412.

Freudenburg W.R. Wilson L. J. O'Leary D.J. 1998. “Forty Years of Spotted Owls? A Longitudinal Analysis of Logging Industry Job Losses.” Sociological Perspectives 41 (1): 1–26.

Freudenburg W.R. Youn T. 1999. “Institutional Failure in Environmental Management: Toward a Fuller Understanding of Social Problems and Public Policy.” Research in Social Problems and Public Policy 7: 3–18.

Frickel S. Freudenburg W. R. 1996. “Mining the Past: Historical Context and the Changing Implications of Extractive Development.” Social Problems 43, no. 4 (November): 601–23.

Greider T. Garkovich L. 1994. “Landscapes: The Social Construction of Nature and the Environment.” Rural Sociology 59 (Spring): 1–24.

Habermas J. 1970. Toward a Rational Society. New York: Beacon.

Hannigan J.A. 1995. Environmental Sociology: A Social Constructionist Perspective. New York: Routledge.

Hill G.W. Smith R. A. 1941. Man in the “Cut-Over”: A Study of Family-Farm Resources in Northern Wisconsin. Research Bulletin 139. Madison: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wisconsin, and Rural Surveys Section, U.S. Work Projects Administration.

Hirt P.W. 1994. A Conspiracy of Optimism: Management of the National Forests since World War Two. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Hirt P.W. 1999. “Institutional Failure in the U.S. Forest Service: A Historical Perspective.” Research in Social Problems and Public Policy 7: 217–39.

Hopfinger T. 1997. “Chenowith Shares Her Forestry Views.” Coeur d'Alene Press, March 17, p. A7.

Humphrey C.R. Berardi G. Carroll M. S. Fairfax S. Fortmann L. Geisler C. Johnson T. G. Kusel J. Lee R. G. Macinko S. Peluso N. L. Schulman M. D. West P. C. 1993. “Theories in the Study of Natural Resource-dependent Communities and Persistent Rural Poverty in the United States.” Pp. 136–72 in Persistent Poverty in Rural America, edited by Rural Sociological Task Force on Persistent Rural Poverty. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Karamanski T.J. 1989. Deep Woods Frontier: A History of Logging in Northern Michigan. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

Krogman N.T. 1996. “Frame Disputes in Environmental Controversies: The Case of Wetland Regulation in Louisiana.” Sociological Spectrum 16: 371–400.

Langston N. 1995. Forest Dreams, Forest Nightmares: The Paradox of Old Growth in the Inland West. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Lee R.G. 1993. “Effect of Federal Timber Sales Reduction on Workers, Families, Communities, and Social Services.” Unpublished report. University of Washington.

Martin B. 1999. “Suppression of Dissent in Science.” Research in Social Problems and Public Policy 7: 105–35.

Mazur A. Lee J. 1993. “Sounding the Global Alarm: Environmental Issues in the U.S. National News.” Social Studies of Science 23: 681–720.

Metzner A. 1997. “Constructivism & Realism (Re)Considered.” Paper presented at the International Sociological Association Workshop on Sociological Theory and the Environment, Woudschoten Conference Center, Zeist, Netherlands, March.

Molotch H. 1970. “Oil in Santa Barbara and Power in America.” Sociological Inquiry 40 (Winter): 131–44.

Olson M. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Shrader-Frechette K. 1981. Environmental Ethics. Pacific Grove, CA: Boxwood Press.

Snow D.A. Rochford E. B. Jr. Worden S. K. Benford R. D. 1986. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization and Movenment Participation.” American Sociological Review 51, no. 4 (August): 464–81.

Thernstrom S. 1965. “‘Yankee City’ Revisited: The Perils of Historical Naivete.” American Sociological Review 30: 234–42.

Time. 1947. “Manners and Morals: Americana.” June 30, p. 19.

Ungar S. 1992. “The Rise and (Relative) Decline of Global Warming as a Social Problem.” Sociological Quarterly 33: 483–501.

U.S. Forest Service. 1920. “Timber Depletion, Lumber Prices, Lumber Exports, and Concentration of Timber Ownership.” U.S. Congress Report on Sen. Res. 311 (“The Capper Report”). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Forest Service. 1969. Douglas-Fir Supply Study: Alternate Programs for Increasing Timber Supplies from the National Forests. Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.

Williams M. 1989. Americans and Their Forests: A Historical Geography. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Worster D. 1985. Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West. New York: Oxford University Press.

Yearley S. 1997. “The Social Construction of Environmental Problems: A Theoretical Review and Some Not-Very-Herculean Labours.” Paper presented at the International Sociological Association Workshop on Sociological Theory and the Environment, Woudschoten Conference Center, Zeist, Netherlands, March.

Young J. Newton J. 1979. Capitalism and Human Obsolescence: Corporate Control vs. Individual Survival in Rural America. Montclair, NJ: Landmark Studies.