This work examines the assimilation of minorities in large hierarchical organizations, focusing on the special case of women faculty in higher education institutions. The changing role of faculty women by academic rank in academic administration was determined for a state university and college system for an 11-year period. Women's participation in faculty governance was also assessed during one academic year. Women were found most frequently at the lowest faculty rank and least often at the highest rank, though their proportions increased at each rank from the earliest time to the most recent. The number of women administrators increased in the 11-year period, mostly in the lowest-level positions as chairs of traditionally female disciplines and the newer interdisciplinary departments. Women's opportunities for advancement in the faculty and as administrators appear to be optimized at the older, larger campuses and at those located in large metropolitan cities.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Council of Education1979Comment: A Research/Action Report on Wo/Men II (July): 2.
2.
AstinH. S.BayerM.1973“Career profiles of women doctorates”, pp. 139–162 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
3.
BernardJ.1964Academic Women. University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press.
4.
ColeJ. R.1979Fair Science: Women in the Scientific Community. New York: Free Press.
5.
ColemanJ. S.1957Community Conflict. New York: Free Press.
6.
CrossP. K.1974“The woman student”, pp. 29–49 in FurnissT.GrahamP. A. (eds.) Women in Higher Education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
7.
EpsteinC. F.1975Women in the Professions. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
8.
EstlerS. E.1975“Women as leaders in public education.”Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and SocietyI (Winter): 363–386.
9.
FeldmanS. D.1974Escape from the Doll's House. Berkeley, CA: Maple Press.
10.
FurnissW. T.GrahamP. A., (Eds.) 1974Women in Higher Education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
11.
GamsonW. A.1966“Rancorous conflict in communities.”Amer. Soc. Rev.31: 71–81.
12.
GrahamP. A.1973“Status transitions of women students, faculty, and administrators”, pp. 163–172 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (Eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
13.
HartmanH.1976“Capitalism, patriarchy and job segregation by sex.”Signs: Journal of Women and Culture (Spring): 137–170.
14.
HaysG. D.1978“Strategies for advancing women in higher education administration.” Project on the Status and Education of Women. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
15.
HochschildA. R.1975“Inside the clockwork of male careers”, pp. 47–80, in HoweF. (ed.) Women and the Power to Change. Berkeley, CA: Maple Press.
16.
HollonC. J.GemmillG. R.1976“A comparison of female and male professors on participation in decision making, job related tension, job involvement, and job satisfaction.”Education Administration Q.12 (Winter): 80–93.
17.
HowardS.1978But We Will Persist. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women.
18.
HoweF.1975Women and the Power to Change. Berkeley, CA: Maple Press.
19.
KanterR. M.WheatleyM. J.1978“Career development women in academic administration: The role of training.” Project on the Status and Education of Women. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
20.
KilsonM.1976“The status of women in higher education.”Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society1 (Summer): 935–942.
21.
KrepsJ. M.1974“The woman professional in higher education”, pp. 75–94 in FurnissT.GrahamP. A. (eds.) Women in Higher Education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
22.
KrepsJ. M.1975“Women in academia: Today is different”, pp. 15–24 in EpsteinC. F. (ed.) Women in the Professions. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
23.
LeibertR.1977“Local community and national system.” Presented at the American Sociological Conference on Organizations, Chicago.
24.
LoebJ. W.FerberM. A.1973“Representation, performance and status of women on the faculty of the Urbana-Champaign campus of the University of Illinois”, pp. 239–254 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
25.
MattfieldJ. A.1974“Many are called but few are chosen”, pp. 121–127 in FurnissT.GrahamP. A. (eds.) Women in Higher Education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
26.
MoorlockL.1973“Discipline variations in the status of academic women”, pp. 255–312 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
27.
Office of Communications Services1978Women in Administration. Washington, DC: National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges.
28.
OltmanR. M.19701970: Where do Women Stand?Washington, DC: American Association of University Women.
29.
ParsonsT.1956“Suggestions for a sociological approach to the theory of organizations.”Admin. Sci. Q.1: 5–19.
30.
PattersonM.1973“Sex and specialization in academe and the professions”, pp. 313–332 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
31.
RichA.1975“Toward a woman-centered university”, pp. 15–46 in HoweF. (ed.) Women and the Power to Change. Berkeley, CA: Maple Press.
32.
RobertsJ. J.1974“Women's right to choose, or men's right to dominate”, pp. 50–55 in FurnissT.GrahamP. A. (eds.) Women in Higher Education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
33.
RobinsonL. H.1973“Institutional variation in the status of academic women”, pp. 199–238 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
34.
RobyP.1973“Institutional barriers to women students in higher education”, pp. 37–56 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
35.
RossiA. S.CalderwoodA., (Eds.) 1973Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
36.
SchwartzP.LeverJ.1973“Women in the male world of higher education”, pp. 57–78 in RossiA. S.CalderwoodA. (eds.) Academic Women on the Move. New York: Russell Sage.
The Stanford Observer1979“Hiring of women, minority faculty falters.” June: 6.
39.
TuckmanH. P.GapinskiJ. H.HagemannR. P.1976“Faculty skills and the reward structure in academe.”Bethesda, MD: ERIC Document Reproduction Service, Ed 125 450.
40.
TurkH.1977Organizations in Modern Life. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.
41.
WilkinsonD.1979“A report: Status of women in sociology, 1934–1977.”Amer. Soc. Assoc. Footnotes7 (March): 4–6.
42.
ZimmerT. A.1975“Sexism in higher education.”Pacific Soc. Rev.18 (January): 55–67.
